Discuss the purpose and process of budgetary control Assignment

Discuss the purpose and process of budgetary control - Assignment exemplarBudget control is the process of managing individual items in a budget such that expenses arising from them do not rise above the forecasted amount in the budget estimates. Budget control helps an organization/ entity to plan adequately for the future. It also helps the organization to evaluate adherence to set policies. Through budgetary control, the organization is able to smirch wastage and inefficiency (Pollitt, 2001).In itself, the budget is a tool for expenditure control within a firm. In monastic order to stick to the laid forbidden expenditure program and prevent excessive spending, the organization has to carry verboten effective budget control measures, both before and after planning. Below is an outline of the main stairs of budgetary control.This phase involves drawing up a list of policy indicatelines for the firm that will soak up both the management and lower- train employees in their dail y operations. Integrating long term policies with short term ones forms a basis for periodic evaluation of success in implementing a set of policy guidelines. Several objectives that guide the business are laid out in order of prioritization. Besides profitability, which is the key objective of close business organizations, quality, market positioning, product differentiation and cost leadership form some of the more popular goals that guide policy formulation (Toigo and Woods, 2006). Whereas policy harmonization is key to achievement of set goals, each level of management rolls out several objectives that guide its specific situation. However, the goals must work towards achieving the corporate objectives laid out by the top management.Each function that is deemed to complement achievement of policies formulated is listed together with its expected be/ revenue. The forecasts should be made at both the micro and macro levels. Micro level forecasts involve occupation based costs, while macro level forecasts involve transaction

The broad thematic perspective Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The broad thematic perspective - Movie Review ExampleThe overall constitute of the movie was around 900,000 which is equivalent to 11.4 million today. It was first broadcasted on ITV in 1973.The documentary interviewed significant members of axis and Allied campaigns, comprising eyewitness accounts by enlisted men, civilians, politicians, and officers among others. Major historians were Stephen Ambrose and Adolf Galland (Ambruster 17).The series The World at War, entails a DVD located by Jeremy Isaac explaining the priorities given to examinations and interviews with surviving assistants and aides other than recognized figures. Karl Wolff who was Heinrich Himmlers adjutant was the most vexed interviewee to persuade and locate. During the examination, he accepted to be among the significant witnesses in mass genocide, in Himmlers presence. In the later part of the series, Isaacs showed satisfaction with the entails of the series. He also added that the content entailed unclassifie d information in graphic symbol to British code-breaking. The documentary is listed among the top programmes in British television under the compilation of British occupy Institute in 2000 (Ambruster 5).This is a situation whereby nations look for alternative means of solving conflicts. This is a of the essence(p) theme that prevails in all of the four clips. Violence was as a result of conflict of ideas and ship canal of doing things. But in this case, violence evolves as a result of conflict of interest. The subjects were made to do things they were not willing by their masters. Peace prevailed after the submission of the Nazi forces who were Germans.Massive killings such as those illustrated in Whirlwind Bombing Germany which is the twelve installment are some of the activities that came to a stop leading to prevalence of peace. The episode emphasizes on massive bombings by the British and American army in Germany. Interviews from witnesses such as Albert Speer, William Reid and mob Stewart explain how innocent lives were taken

Organizational Impact Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Impact opus - Assignment ExampleThese techniques are necessary for the transition and modifications to the firms strategy meant to give combative advantage, meeting and surpassing the expectation of the customers and ultimately existence. Ordinarily, organization normally belongs to one sector that comprises a devoted industry whereby it is either manufacturer or emolument. This study seed to examine innovation, design and creativity impacts as well as describes how each firms strategy, processes, products and services have been affected by these techniques. orchard apple tree for manufacturing and Verizon wireless for service is the organizations chosen for evaluation.Innovation merely encompasses coming up with merchandise meant to ensure hit of clienteles desires or wants whereby they may be either new or just discount modification (Harvard Business Review 2009). Mostly, it is also encompasses creating new method, process or idea meant to alter the make proce ss of a certain product already in existence and has been transformed or reinvented with purport of augmenting demand through better service. Strategy refers to how a given firm obtain the end it seeks to achieve. answer is learning and planning strategy for developing new ideas. Product is the results of goods through manufacturing or a service (Stamm, 2003). There are two categories of innovation including product and process innovation, Examples are Apples organic evolution of iPod, iphone, and ipad during 2000s, Verizons innovation of 2G, 3G, and 4G. Process innovation encompasses enhancement of new process meant for making products and delivering them to respective clients. Examples intromit Verizon that altered know-how for live TV broadcast to some cell phone Apple developed its own independent surveys in order to track its major market divisions around the world. As defined in (Jones & Hill, 2012) product innovation create value by creating new

Ideas of parenting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ideas of growing - Essay Examplet children should be left to be with unspoiled guidance and not using force to perfect as they are capable of making their own choices and loving them even in adulthood with just the advanced amount of motivation and guidance and this will build their self-esteem.A Chinese mother controls the lives of her children in every(prenominal) aspect. She bes like a dictator and her parenting style is that of an authoritarian parent. Her children are just supposed to listen and act as they are told and their opinion does not count. In fact according to Chuas article, children are just supposed to accept everything they are told and not talk back or even question as this leads to negative consequences (Chua, 2011).This is the absolute foeman with the Western mother who lets her children be without using any force on them. Her parenting style can be termed as authoritative and can be compared to a democratic attractor who allows the others to make suggesti on and just guides them in these decisions or contributes to the ultimate final ruling after negotiations. These children raised by western mothers are allowed to state their opinion, express their likes and dislikes hence coming to a compromise with the parent (Rosin, 2011).Children raised by Chinese parents are not allowed from the word go to be children in the legitimate definition of the term. They are not allowed sleepovers, participate in plays in school, engage in play date with others or even just be allowed to learn from their own mistakes. Their every decision and action is controlled and determined for them by their parent down to the type of musical instrument they will play, what grade they will redeem and nothing else. These children therefore do not get to develop a positive self-esteem. Some of them after resent their parents for their stolen childhood, they resent the music they were forced to play and even grow up bitter (Chua, 2011).The opposite is true for a western style of parenting. Children are allowed a lot of time to

How to Improve College Education in the United States Essay

How to Improve College grooming in the unite States - Essay ExampleThis essay stresses that the importance of education is that it plays a major case in determining the future of the concerned individuals. At times, it seems to widen the gap between the high and number 1 income families with regard to the level of education that is present. Placing hopes on education simply means that only those who atomic number 18 meliorate prosper in life. Needless to mention, that the gap between the rich and the poor widen with the presence of education. In reference to this, it is important that the United States assesses student learning in higher education institutions. Assessment basically entails educational improvement where ideas are enacted on the type of learning that has more value to students and aim at assisting in its achievement. The values should incorporate both, what we choose to assess and how we do it. This paper makes a conclusion that the United States should ensure t heir colleges and universities regain back their glory as some of the best universities worldwide. This could be done by dint of ensuring that the level of education is taken to a notch higher and more complex cognitive skills are taught to prepare graduated to a working experienced world. The college and universities should not be highly taxed especially for contrasted students as this discourages them from joining the institutions. Through this, there will be a grantee of an improvement in the college education in the United States.

Define the role of government in public policy Research Paper

Define the spot of government in public polity - Research Paper Exampleich it can never be for the rice beer of any individual, or humble number of individuals, to erect and maintain because profit could never repay the expense to any individual or small number of individuals, though it may frequently do much more than repay it to a great society.Adam Smiths statement can be interpreted to mean that the role of government is in the area of defense, administration of justice, public works, and in building and maintaining institutions in the public interest. It is delicate to interpret the first three governments role is in defense, justice, and in public works. However, the twenty-five percent can have several interpretations. In any case, much of economics has maintained that market is faraway more efficient than government in allocating private goods and services---provided that the goods or services have no externalities or additional benefits or harm (Rosen, 1995, pp. 61-89 ). Supposedly, there are also public goods which can be in the best interest of the public that government provides. However, much of economics has said that although government has a right in making public goods or services available, the government can mobilize the private firmament to produce the goods or services. Thus, this is the rationale for privatization and public-private partnerships to make available certain goods and services that would be in the interest of the public to make available.On the other hand, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Bentham Mill, and Jean Jacques Rosseau emphasized a favorable contract between rulers and the ruled (Gaus & Kukathas, 2004, p. 23-24). However, given the possible variations of feasible interpretations that can be made on the statement of Adam Smith and given the range of needs that the ruled can demand on rulers on what constitute their obligations as rulers, the role of government in public policy can be anything that the public has succ essfully asserted politically. Of course, economists can talk of efficiency but as was

Russia Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Russia Revolution - sample ExampleThe traditional Monarchy had increasingly become so weak and continuously got defeated in several(prenominal) warfares. The empire became vulnerable which culminated to severe reactionary. Nicholas had total control over the activities and army (Beckwith 67). Nicholas II refused calls to incorporate multitude in his leadership and hence masses poked holes and became discontented with his leadership that raised several questions. He took a good deal time with family interest and became obsessed to retain his privileges and naively believed being a God-chosen leader. Nicholas was forced to dissolve the Duma and conjugated the war front which made him loose his position as this became more detrimental to him.The Nicholas II had massive seen his grandfathers assassination as well and witnessed his fathers responding to the assassination amidst brutal heaviness of the tidy sum. The attempts by Nicholas to imitate the further approaches to the resis tance did not augur well with already dissatisfied masses. The people vowed to oust Nicholas II following the ever emerging rebellious movements. Nicholas make several incident by incident concessions following the increased unrest caused by the imposition of oppressions. These concessions culminated into the inception of the first ever musical composition and Russian Parliament. The concession persisted, and Nicholas II grip of power cut hence opening the door for his boot out in January 1917.The successive wars weakened the emperor such as The Crimean war that lasted between 1854 and 1856. Another war was The Russo-Turkish that was occurred during 1877-78. Another severe war was Russo-Japanese war that lasted between 1904 and 1905, as well as The World War I of 1914-18. These wars spent tax revenue and manpower. The country suffered due to war defeats with only Turkish win. This weakened the nation and fueled the discontent amongst the

Can Cyber-Love Attain Genuinely and Divinity Essay

Can Cyber-Love Attain Genuinely and Divinity - Essay ExampleOf degree, its a interrogatory of debate that how many cartridge clips these critics become stupid and blind in their lives. Love changed in course of time along with the human civilization. It changed but it existed with new forms but didnt disappear. In ancient time the lover and beloved would indulge in love affairs in a very quixotic way. Writing letters and expressing the intense passion for each other was the common process. These letters would be send by some faithful friends or sometimes through the pigeons also. Sending love letters by the pigeons sounds funny but it would happen in ancient time. In one romantic Sanskrit frolic compose by the great poet and Indian Scholar Kalidas expresses a very uncommon romanticism in his drama called Meghdoot. Meghdoot means the cloud as a messenger Here in this drama Kalidas has depicted a very beautiful picture of a lover who is yearning to meet his beloved. She is thousa nds kilometer away from him. He sends his deep and intense feelings for her and he conveys the message to the beloved through a cloud i.e. Megh. Here the Megh or the cloud is the messenger of the sad lover. Skillful lovers use different sciences and tactics for fulfilling their love. Bauman Zygmunt in his chapter, Falling in and out of love describes that love (falling in love, soliciting love) is a skill to be learned and the mastery of skill grows with the number of experiments and assiduity of exercise. (p.g.5 falling in love and out) The Internet is the most popular moderate of expressing love and getting the lover through just a machine.For fulfilling almost all of the needs neo generation relies on the machine. Love is also not an exception to that.

Land Law - Dimensions of land Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Land Law - Dimensions of realm - Essay ExampleThe corporeal and noncorporeal components are known as realty to distinguish it from personalty. The latter being personal or movable wrinklescrew ( colorise & Gray 2007). Thus in the eyes of law go through is a multidimensional asset as discussed below.The first two dimensions of land it is a two dimensional piece of earth with defining contours, features and limits of jurisdiction. Which is recognised by the registrars, conveyancers, surveyors and ramblers. However this definition too does not takes into account the low water mark scene of action in the coastline. The three mile territorial area including water constitute land. However , even external this three mile limit the channel tunnel subsoil upto the middle of English channel is called land (Channel tunnel act 1987). Thus land includes land covered with water as well (Gray & Gray 2007).4-5The third dimension of land A Latin maxim says that the one who owns land owns the h eaven higher up it and the earth deep down to the centre. It certainly indicated cubic nature of land but lacks practical wisdom. The questionable extension of territory of land would mean an airplane passing over it ca intakes trespass. Still some three-dimensional characteristics is to be accepted for land in statutory definition. A land can be held preceding(prenominal) surface and may be divided horizontally. Thus different proprietors can hold the titles of the land separately holding a stratum of cubic surface above or below the surface bottom of the earth (Gray & Gray 2007).The components of these three dimensions are (Wilkie 2006 Gray & Gray 2007 Dixon 2005)The word hereditament in law substance nature of right involved in ownership of land. land law is all about-not just the land (the soil, the grass, the trees, the buildings), but the rights that people may have in land. Thus, land is to be reclassified as including corporeal and immaterial hereditaments. Ownership of land may equally include ownership of a ho custom and ownership of a right of way over someone elses house (an incorporeal hereditament). The land law may be viewed from corporeal and incorporeal rights or by distinction between fixtures and chattels. The fee simple owners right of air space The owners rights extend to such a height as is reasonably necessary for the ordinary use and enjoyment of the land. In Baron Bernstein of Leigh v Skyviews and General Ltd 1978 QB 479, Griffith J stated that it was necessary to balance the rights of an owner to enjoy the land against the rights of the general public to take advantage of all that science now offers in the use of airspace. Where there is an interference with the legitimate rights of the fee simple

5.Discuss the characteristics of group decision making. Identify the Essay

5.Discuss the characteristics of sort termination making. Identify the benefits and issues in a hospitality or tourism context using relevant examples - Essay Example in that respect are certain situations that group decision making is more preferable to individual decision making as it may be more efficient. In the hospitality industry however, its particularly stated that when creativity and efficiency is most essential, and there is comparatively limited time group decision is the least preferred (Kusluvan 2003, p.18). Nevertheless, group decision making is advantageous as it has the advantage of individuals having diverse skills, experience and knowledge. Organizations in the hospitality industry are encouraged to curb more group decision making as its participative. Participative decision making in the sense that employees at different levels are asked to participate in the decision making process more so in decisions that affect them. Groups that are incorporated include task forces, project teams and committees as an attempt to achieve break in decisions and more commitment to include employees.Decision making at group level will conjure up the effectiveness of decision making and enhances problem solving. The combined effort of individuals is believed to improve the quality of decisions made. Some of the characteristics that are exhibited by successful groups include the following the group is quite sm altogether, it exudes open communication among its members and they all pick out a common mind set, the group members easily identify with each other and they are all agreeable on acceptable group behavior (Walker, 2009, p.43).Group decision making does work top hat however when all the group members are accustomed to working together and theres close to overall commitment. Setbacks associated with group decision making however are it can be seen as a time consuming activity and more so when the members have a differing expertise point of view. There is also the fear that mediocre decisions are more likely to be made as group leaders at times tend to be more manipulative and dominating and likely to lot credit when the

Final-44 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final-44 - Essay Examplethe annexation of Texas took place in 1845 when the ovalbumin settlers fought for freedom from Mexico and petitioned the newly formed Republic of Texas for the Union for statehood. Then the western border between the US and the Canada was agreed to be situated at 49o of north latitude. Later, US won the Mexi disregard war in 1848 and thereby conquered California and New Mexico through the Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty. Afterwards, by the Gadsden Purchase, the southern Arizona was taken in 1853 from Mexico1. Thus, by the 1853 agreement, the US achieved the Manifest Destiny that constitutes the contiguous states.Annexing Texas was so important that the Manifest Destiny could have terminate without it. Texas was neither part of US nor an independent state since 1836 as Mexico did not affirm Texass independence and also, they threatened America of war in case of providing any assistance to Texas. Thus, Texas had to acquire help from new(prenominal) countries in ord er to pay for their military expenses. Subsequently, Texas signed treaties with France, Belgium and Holland in 1839 and 1840. Moreover, the Great Britain was also looking away to Texas so as to control or acquire the United States. Hence, the US annexed Texas so that the foreign powers can be inhibited from harming America. Annexation of Texas led to the war with Mexico that further brought additional territory under US control2 as discussed above. Americans settled the great western frontier after crossing the Mississippi River. A spacious westward movement evolved after the discovery of gold in California. The annexation of the southwest territories played a significant role in the expansion of US without which the Manifest Destiny was unachievable since this annexation resulted in to an inchoate union of the conflict territories in to a successful democracy stretching throughout a continent full of fertile land, natural resources and

Case studies x 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

compositors case studies x 2 - Essay ExampleThe team leader should not waste much season once he realized the diversity of his team vis--vis the group task and must make efforts to repay the idea of collective achievement and mutual respect.The most important task is to motivate the unmotivated and who break down to do this than the thinkers? They should be used to interact with the former subgroup to listen to their views, and check if there are some(prenominal) systemic defects or issues that need to be resolved. These interactions give the tutees opportunities to ask questions and for the tutors to be surprised by the elements of gracious attitude that govern group functioning and motivation. This two-way learning process helps the group cohesion and builds a sense of belonging. In a similar manner, the team leader has to publicly acknowledge the creativity and the strenuous work of individuals, and explain the gains that everyone in the team would enjoy as a result of the team effort, fiscal or otherwise.The role of a CEO is judged by the touchstone of a healthy growth of his government and keeping the stakeholders happy. In order to realize his objectives, he creates his teams and treats each individual on the merits of his/her contribution to the physical composition in achieving the short/medium/long term goals. One of the important aspects of performance is team inspirit that overcomes short term individual grouses.Comparison and discontent are universal in organizations. They are to be handled in such a way that the solution neither creates more discontent nor demoralizes. In the make case, Jim has an impeccable track record of performance. His ability to develop contacts and build networks is of considerable value to the company and at the same time, points to the respect he commands in the market. He is thus a key resource that right off generates revenues for the

International Business Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

International Business Practices - Essay ExampleThe optimal structure for Physical Movement Company is an international variability structure with centralized control. An international division structure separates the international division from the domestic operations. This structured is considered the most appropriate structure for rookie players in the international business since it completely separates the revenue streams obtain from oversee operations, inclusively it separates it between the divisions which in this case would be one per country for a total of three divisions. Centralized control is the best approach because the focus of the fraternity wants to learn from the integration into foreign markets and needs to be involved in the decision make as much as possible. The table below illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of centralized approachesThe international division structure depart allow the company to carefully analyze the chosen markets and implement different marketing strategies in separately of the markets. The company currently has different theories and marketing plans which they believe based on their research will work, precisely only time will tell the effectiveness of the plans. As the company matures they can systematically wear round from a centralized to decentralize managerial style on a case by case basis per division. Decentralization of particular divisions could be allowed in locations in which the companys plans were successfully implemented. If the company enjoys significant growth internationally and expands into other markets then the company may purse reorganizing its international organisational structure into an international area structure or global product structure.A full carrying into action of the international business structure will take some time. The first step is to locate the bodily space in which the division will operate in each of the countries which

Poverty should be defined in multi-dimensional terms. Define, using Essay

destitution should be defined in multi-dimensional terms. Define, using examples from your wider reading - Essay ExampleConversely, there film been cases of beggary reduction is certain developing countries for example, Ghana, Bolivia, Cambodia and Tanzania. This is impressive though, the fight against poverty is real and it will take the collaboration of the people, governments and international organizations to win it. Poverty has been largely understood in terms of income until recently. Being poor people meant that an individual could merely provide a proper diet at home. However, poverty is way more than a shortfall of income or provender availability. It is more about the denial of choices and opportunities that are necessary for one to lead a decent, health and wide life with self- esteem, respect and dignity. People simply live in campsites, slums and in poor living conditions because they have no other choice. Nearly half of the worlds population is faced by problems much(prenominal) as possessing few skills to compete in the market, multiple health problems and little or no income at all. There are many aspects of poverty that are inter- linked resulting to a vicious cycle (Bhalla 200279). In other words, poverty is a multi- dimensional concept and about of its facets include i. Mismanagement of Resources The world is endow with numerous resources in the form of minerals, oil, and a massive work force among many others (Chen and Ravallion, 200856). In close to incidences, resources are poorly managed leading to wastages and this contributes to increasing poverty levels. This is common to developing countries such as southeast Sudan where there are constant fights over resources. It also entails the unequal distribution of resources among different regions that contributes high poverty level. ii. Food Mismanagement and Insecurity Food is a key need for human survival and if non properly managed it could lead to hunger among the population (I vanic and Martin, 2008). Food security is paramount for the growth and development of an delivery since it ensures that there is a constant supply even during dry spells. Food insecurity is common in most developing countries owing to fluctuations in weather patterns and lack of appropriate storage mechanisms. iii. Poor health Disease and disability may hinder individuals from working thereby limiting their income. If the bread winner is ill, it convey that the entire family will be negatively affected. This not only translates to loss of income and an increase in be due to the need for health care. Other causes of poverty include war and insecurity, the spread of HIV/AIDS, poor infrastructural and institutional development and corruption (Department for International Development (DfID, 2009). This paper analyses poverty as a multi- faceted concept with regards to mismanagement of food and resources. It further looks at the perspective of poverty by organizations like the UN and earthly concern Bank. It also gives an in depth analysis of the progress made by countries towards the achievement of the MDGs. Finally, the paper examines some of the indicators of poverty levels including different countries GDP and the human development index (HDI) Poverty from Mismanagement of Food and credential Thousands of people die every day of hunger- related causes according to recent reports. Regrettably, it is children who die most frequently yet there is an abundant supply of food for the world

Qualitative research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Qualitative research - Essay ExampleResearchers engagement coding summons to connect data obtained from various research topics in qualitative research. Coding process helps in generating the main theme of the study and relating data collected. During the analysis of qualitative learning, the first step involves the face of data collected. The researcher organizes transcripts during used to collect the information. Data collected though video or go into modes are formatted properly in order to make them understandable (Houser, 2011). If the information collected was with transcripts and video, then the twain needs harmonization to help build on the theme of study. Otherwise, the data collected would be challenge to interpret.Second step involves reviewing the interviews conducted using the data source by coding. Codes obtained from the review process helps in realization of the main theme of the study (Houser, 2011). The codes may be inductive or deductive. In inductive codin g, the information understood from the data assist in making thematic conclusion as opposed to deductive theme that results from experience of the researcher or theory based on the topic. Coding of information is possible using computer programs.Jeanfreau, S. G., & Jack, L. (2010). Appraising Qualitative Research in health Education Guidelines for Public Health Educators. Health Promotion Practice, 11(5), 612617.

AIPT Nomination Speech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

AIPT Nomination Speech - Essay ExampleHence, if elected, my comprehensive background give be an ample contribution to catalyze the enhancement of AIPT. develop Access stood as a long-awaited victory of our profession. Our focus now should concentrate more on the appropriate insurance reimbursement for Direct Access patients. Other important issues that need attention are the existence of POPTS, the practice of PT by non-licensed individuals and corporations, the challenge of PTs to continue performing spinal manipulation and electrophysiology testing and the Medicare CAP. However, Insurance Reimbursement should still be at the top of our list. After all, we first have to survive as businesses before we are able to in advance other undertakings.As aCo-Chair of the AIPT, I will fully commit myself in developing a strategy that will prevent or even reverse declines in insurance reimbursement. Here, I suggest a sooner aggressive strategy involving tough negotiations, use of statistica l data that reflect practice patterns, the power of macrocosm relations and active participation of all members. Also, the major trend shaping health care leaders presently is the trend toward leading across a network of partners, as opposed to leading good deal a hierarchical organization. Thus, there is a gre

The Century Quilt Essay Example for Free

The Century Quilt EssayMarilyn Wanieks The Century Quilt employs symbolism to relay a young girls emotional accessory of a grandmas blanket to that of her own quilt. Wanieks depiction of the quilt not only serves as a reminder of how passionate the young girl felt nearly her grandmothers blanket, but also how she envisioned her quilt to component part similar properties that embodied her grandmothers blanket. In lieu of the verbal concept of using the quilt to keep her warm, the speaker suggests that he quilt will tie-in with her grandmothers blanket in that the memories of her childhood would be preserved. This relationship allows the reader to interpret the symbolic vastness of the quilt to that of the girls personal desires. It can also be inferred that the quilt also served as a reference to the speakers heritage.When describing her quilt, the speaker describes a pattern of squares with the colors of white, brown, and the yellowbrown of Mamas cheeks (Line 17). These r epeating patterns of squares most likely pay homage to the speakers mixed heritage, with her family being of both Native American and Caucasian descent. The speakers heritage is supported by her visions of her grandmothers childhood back in Kentucky among her yellow sisters their grandfathers white family (Lines 25-26). While one could lay out that the speaker is simply reciting the life of her grandmother, it can also be said that the speaker is optimistic about her own future, and that she herself would relive her memories whilst under the quilt, such as meeting her unconceived son. The speakers desire to share the same emotional response to her quilt as her grandmother to her blanket signifies the priority Waniek placed symbolism.

Gun politics in the United States Essay Example for Free

Gun politics in the United States EssayTo draw up bailiwick studies, it is introductory authorised to understand its various aspects. For an effective topic study, one moldiness(prenominal) initial understand the principles of a reference. It is important to understand what a issue is, the types of circumstances in that respect be and their purposes. Following this judgment, the methods of analyzing and discussing crusades mustiness be explored. later on mastering these skills, The three stages of hassle, ending and evaluation atomic number 18 vital to the organization of the persona study. 4 ? 5 6 7 ? In all fountain studies we should first explore the brief synopsis of the face and its pedagogical objectives. 8 9 ? In a case method schoolroom, both the instructor and students must be active in divergent ways. The art of a case method instructor is to subscribe the right question at the right magazine, provide feedback on answers, and sustain a countersi gn that opens up meanings of the case. If students dont capture to class well-prep atomic number 18d, the case method go away fail because the people trusty for making meaning from the case ar non equipped to do it. ? 10 ? Case discussions are full of facts and education, but they arent shaped into single interpretation, the truth.Instructors dont announce classic conclusions or right answers, although they may discriminate amid more and less plausible solutions. savants enter and permit the classroom responsible for the asidecomes of the discussion. For students, this is a shift from the comfort of authority and single truth to the hard decease of personal responsibility and the unease of ambiguity and multiple meanings. ? 11 ? Cases are verbal representation of reality. trustworthy logical argument authoritys involve un realty and dont present selected and sorted information. ? A case must nominate 3 characteristics1) a material real world stemma issue or issues 2) fit information on which to base conclusions 3) No stated conclusions 12 ? galore(postnominal) cases hold these complicating properties 1) Information that includes dissonance- false, irrelevant testimony by characters in the case 2) Unstated information that must be inferred from the information that is stated 3) Nonlinear grammatical restoreion 13 ? A well-written case must have these characteristics. enounceer of the case must be able to 1) Construct conclusion from the information in the text 2) Filter out irrelevant portions of the text.3) Furnish missing information through inferences. 4) Associate attest from divers(prenominal) part of the case and integrate it into a conclusion. 14 ? Noise is a characteristic of real situations. Today, we are flooded in information, much of it of little value. Every case, whether it has a large amount of information or very little, requires the indorser to switch inferences. This fundament be the nigh difficult transition f rom textbooks and bedevils. ? If memorization is the primary skill of the lecture model, inference is the primary skill of the case model.Furthermore, cases do not have a linear expression and are not presented in the roughly logical way. ? 15 ? There are 3 realistic approaches to reading the case 1) Receive it 2) Find it 3) Make it ( trance for cases) ? Receive it states both subject and its signifi cigaretce (fits a text much(prenominal) as news story) Find it states keys and clues to find the solution (fits a text such as mystery novel) On the first reading of the case, it back end await to be a all that is less than the sum of its parts. Indeed, the close to(prenominal) basic matters of fact are not clearly stated or are stated in multiple ways.Students have to read a case actively (Active Reading) and construct their slamledge meaning based on pedagogical objectives of the case and the theories and concepts already discussed in the class. 16 ? ? ? A case is a text t hat refuses to explain itself hence, a meaning needs to be constructed for it. To analyze a case, the contextual factors concerning it must first be studied in order to allow a deeper understanding of the case (Situational analysis) Contextual information helps to limit and narrow the analysis of the case.Courses are a bundle divided up into different modules or themes defined by certain types of situations and, often, concepts, theories, and practices appropriate for these situations. Students should learn how to make a case with relevant information based on the objectives of the case or questions already given by the instructor. 18 ? ? ? The method of analyzing a text is heuristic, meaning that important aspects of the situation in which the case is set must be identified and understood. This is a term utilise for self-guided learning that employs analysis to help draw conclusions about(predicate) a situation. 19 ? psychoanalysis has two closely related definitions to break s omething up into its constituent parts and to study the congressships of the parts to the whole. To analyze a case, you in that locationfore need ways of identifying and understanding important aspects of a situation and what they mean to the boilers suit situation. ? Thinking about a case must start ahead you begin making it. This way, the different questions arising about the case peck be answered during the reading process. For example, the frame pull in of a certain concept may guide a product launch finis. Hence, specialized methods are expedient in achieving well-defined purposes. 20 21 22.23 The future(a) get out provide a scratch line focus for further understanding the different aspects of analyzing a case ? There are four types of situations which come out repeatedly in case fusss Decisions military ranks Rules (complicated for beginners) 24 ? The definition of difficulty as a case situation is quite specific, unlike its opposite suggestions. Problem is a situation in which on that point is a signifi notifyt military issue or performance, and there is no explicit explanation of the outcome or the performance. A conundrum in a case study is when the outcome or performance is significant yet there is no clear explanation of why it has happened.The causes of these outcomes are important to know so that the situation can be improved. ? 25 ? The outcomes of the cases may be negative. This is as a result of the fact that the change causal agent of the manager may be self-destructive. This result may arise from weaknesses that are unapparent. For efficient problem analysis, the problem first has to be defined. This is where success can come to be seen as a problem, in its own special meaning. ? ? Next, the problem must be explained by linking the outcome or performance to its take root causes. specialised methods of business disciplines are needed as tools to carry out this analysis.26 ? Problem analysis begins with a definition of the problem. That seems obvious, yet many cases do not state a problem. As a result, you will first need to realize that a problem does exist. After this, you must define it yourself. Next, you must work out an explanation of the problem. This can be done by linking the outcome or performance to its root causes. This is the main work of problem analysis. To carry it out, you will need to employ the relevant tools, the specialized methods of business disciplines such as Strategy or SCM or operations management. 27 ?Would Barnes Noble have benefited (or been hindered) by its physical organizational structure and management processes in its attempt to strengthen its position as an electronic commerce product/ swear out provider? Defend your arguments. 28 ? Many cases complicate the ending immediately. Many of these are organized around an explicit close. The decision, however, should not be based on other situations. The open uping of an explicit decision is an important distincti on, because nearly all business cases involve decision. In many other cases, however, the decisions are implicit and dependant on another situation.The decisions featured in various cases vary greatly in scope, consequence and available data. An executive must decide whether to launch a product, move a plant, pursue a merger, or provide financing for a planned expansion. ? 29 ? Analyzing a decision requires the following, regardless of the dimensions of a decision Decision options Decision criteria Relevant licence ? The decision options are often mentioned in the case itself. A stated decision needs to be followed by a argument of the alternative decision options. Finding these or coming up with them can be set as the first goal of the analysis.30 ? In making a rational decision, the appropriate criteria need to be determined. By gross(a)ly studying the specifics of the case with the help of specialized methods, the criteria can be hitd from the case, as they are not likely to be directly stated. The criteria are then use to farm evidence so as to complete a decision analysis. The decision must be the best option between the evidence and criteria available. In decision analysis, no decision is objectively correct. The goal is to find a decision that creates more benefits than the alternatives, as well as having less severe downsides.31 ? ? If we are to continue outsourcing, and notwithstanding consider expanding it, why should we keep paying someone else to do what we can do for ourselves? what are the stimuli pot such a statement to reflect on eBay customer support decision? 32 ? In an evaluation, a judgment is expressed about the worth, value, or effectiveness of a performance, act, or outcome. An outcome can be the subject of an assessment. The analysis of an evaluation can be based on any unit, from an man-to-man to a global region. ? The outcome can be the subject of an assessment.The competitive position of a connection, for instance, is th e outcome of numerous decisions and performances as well as contingencies such as macroeconomic conditions. 33 ? Evaluations require appropriate criteria for background signal the standards for assessing worth, value, or effectiveness. These criteria can be inferred from the particulars of a situation, with the aid of specialized methods. An overall evaluation will express the best option between the evidence and the criteria. Another requirement of an evaluation is that it includes both optimistic and negative aspects. Both strengths and weaknesses require analyzing.? ? 34 ? 1. Is it justifiable for a company like Amazon. com to continue spend so much money and effort in a business operation that not besides has made a profit for nearly 5 years but was incurring heavier losses? (Refer to the companys financial statements) 35 ? The key to the analyzing process is active reading in order to make a case, as it is interrogative, purposeful, and iterative, meaning that you make mult iple passes through a case and each time reading with various purposes. 37 ? Three factors contribute to active reading a goal, a point of view, and a hypothesis.Goal of Analysis Concrete limits must be set in order to derive the desirable information form the case. In addition, a time limit can be used to make the time spent on analyzing the case more productive. the main character. This way, making a decision as a person in that situation will help making conclusions easier. compare and air a concrete statement against case evidence. Point of View It is effective to pout oneself in the rove of Hypotheses This gives the advantage of being able to 38 ? The process of working on a case has quintet phases 1) Situation 2) Questions3) Hypothesis 4) evidence and action 5) Alternatives 39 The analysis can first be incorporated as a series of questions and then identifying the situation by reading the first and last sections. The inception or end of a case may present partial or complete descriptions of the problem as well as expressing a tension or conflict vital to the analysis. 40 designed the situation allows you to ask questions pertinent to a problem, a decision, or an evaluation. Hence, the stages previously stated can develop the needed understanding to ask the questions in this second phase.Making a content inventory of the case, to square off information that strength be used to answer the questions about the situation, can be useful. 41 Problem Who or what is the subject of the problem? What is the problem? Am I trying to account for a failure, a success, or something more ambiguous? What is the significance of the problem to the subject? Who is responsible for the problem and what top executive he need to know to do something about it? Decision What are the decision options? Do any seem particularly strong or weak? What is at stake of the decision? What are the possible criteria?What king the most important criteria be for this kind of decision? Are any of the criteria explicitly discussed in the case? Evaluation Who or what is being evaluated? Who is responsible for the evaluation? What is at stake? What are the possible criteria? What might the possible criteria be for this sort of evaluation? Are any of the criteria explicitly discussed in the case? 42 ? Instructor may decide to provide situation guidelines and questions regarding the case study for students 1) Situation 2) Questions 3) Hypothesis 4) Proof and action 5) Alternatives 43.This is the most important phase while working on the case. This involves narrowing the possibilities to the one that seems most plausible. There are different aspects to take into consideration, depending on if you are dealing with a problem, a decision, or an evaluation. Recording your thought process can help the development of this stage. 44 ? Make sure you know the problem that needs to be diagnosed. Consider whether the characteristics of the problem suggest causes. Th ink about the frameworks that seem most appropriate to the situation. Quickly review the specifics of the frameworks if you are not certain about them. Pursue the diagnosis by looking at case information through the lens of the cause you are most certain about. For each cause, make a separate pass through the case looking for evidence of it. If the case has a lot of decimal evidence, to what case is it most relevant? If you do not have a case relevant to the duodecimal evidence, formulate one. Work up as much relevant, high-value denary evidence as you can. In a case with a protagonist (central character), consider whether she is a potential cause. If you stand for she is, work out how she contributes to the problem.Problem 45 Energy = 2/3 consulting + all of technology service Industry = 1/3 consulting + all of certification 46 ? Decision Review the criteria you have come up with so far. Which do you have the most confidence in? Review the decision options. Do any seem esp ecially strong or weak? Apply the criteria that seem to identify the most evidence in the case. Investigate the strongest decision option with the monetary standard you have the most confidence in. or, if you are reasonably certain about what which is the weakest, see if you can quickly dismiss that option. If the case has a lot of quantitative evidence, which criterion is most relevant to it? If you do not have the criterion relevant to the quantitative evidence, formulate one. Work up as much relevant, high-value quantitative evidence as you can. If there are conflicts about the decision between individuals or groups, think about why it is. compute at the decision from the point of view of each of the parties to the conflict. If the protagonist is in a difficult position in relation to the decision, consider why that is. 47 48 49 ? Evaluation Review the criteria you have come up with so far.Which do you have the most confidence in? What are the terms of the evaluation iss ue to be? Do any stand out in the case? Do you already have a sense of the bottom-line evaluation you favor? If you do, what are the reasons for the preference? Pursue those reasons. Start by applying the criterion that seems to identify the most evidence in the case. Investigate the most positive range or the most negative with the criterion you have the most confidence in. Investigate the most positive rating or the most negative with the criterion you have the most confidence in. If the case has a lot of quantitative evidence, which criterion is most relevant to it? If you do not have a criterion relevant to the quantitative evidence, formulate one. Work up as much relevant, high-value, quantitative evidence as you can. 50 08 ? ( )? ? ( )? ? ( )? ? ( )? ?15? A hypothesis drives a different approach to the case.You will start proving something you have already found out. Evidence supporting the hypothesis can be found in this stage. After this, the evidence can be assessed and a decision option can be drawn up, also finding the actionable content of the decision made.The last phase involves questioning your own hypothesis. This means reading your hypothesis and evidence with a critical eye. In this way, you can be the one who notices the weaknesses in the first place. Problem stub the problem be defined differently? Would that make a difference to the diagnosis? Are there any holes in the diagnosis could there be causes missing? What is the weakest part of the diagnosis?Could an entirely different diagnosis be made? What would it look like? Decision What is the biggest downside of the recommended decision? How would you manage the downside? What is the strongest evidence against the pass? How would a case for the major alternative look? 55 Evaluation Have you been objective and thorough ? If a hypothesis, afterwards all these stages of analyzing and evaluation, fails, looking at alternative ideas can help to come up with another, stronger, hypothesis. This can be made into a useful learning experience for gaining more expertise.Such a case may arise if you perhaps overlooked important information or not used specialized tools effectively. about the evaluation findings that oppose your overall assessment? Think how a different overall evaluation might be proved. Have you accounted for factors that the subject of the evaluation could not control? 56 ? strength for further discussion 57 ? 02 0102 ? Deepwater Horizon , 11 ? 71 . 3 002 ? ? .??85? ? The variables that influence the bridle- elbow room and quality of a case discussion include the instructor, the students, the case, and a host of other possibilities such as the physical setting, the time of day, or the proximity to exams. The only variable that you can control is yourself. Case discussions are the most important part of Industrial Engineering and Business studies classrooms. This meth od encourages students to apply their learned theories and be able to contribute as part of a group to converse in a business matter. Therefore, skills to communicate and participate are very essential.60 ? ? A case is a condition explained in which the students attribute with giving their own opinions about it, as well as listening to their peers. It is important for everyone in the case class to contribute in the discussion and comment on it. 61 ? Unfortunately there are some students who do not find it comfortable to participate in the class and life threatened. This could be due to several reasons. ? The language used in the class might be different from their mothers tongue and therefore give them the fear of making a mistake in front of their native speaker peers.They might have the fear that they do not have seemly familiarity and background about business as others do, and therefore make themselves look silly by making a useless comment and several other reasons, which li mits students from participating. Strategies have been used by instructors to overtake these kinds of fears. 62 ? ? Preparing comments and speeches are among the tactics used to overcome fears. Students prepare all their comments and what they want to say originally the class and write them down, ready to be said.They will feel comfortable thinking they will have a valuable point to make. This is not always right. A discussion is not predictable, and the cooking might not work very well. The discussion might go into a totally different path in which the prepared points are irrelevant. On the other hand a flexible plan preparation can be helpful. It only causes problems when it is over prepared. ? 63 ? Another tactic is to enter the discussion with a delay, which is after listening to the peers and the professor and trying to make a comment relevant to theirs. This is not a very good way.In fact, it makes it harder to enter a discussion, thinking that only a consummate comment wi ll give him the power to break into the discussion. Therefore the earlier the student starts participating, preferably from the first class, he will feel more comfortable. ? 64 ? Case method exposes risk which is shared by everyone. Risk isnt purely negative it is a motivator to do the hard work the case method requires. The most valuable advice about case discussion is to speak up early. Speaking up early not only reduces the nervousness of being in the spotlight It also assists you in setting realistic expectations for yourself. Setting a limit on your case preparation has several benefits it puts a thinking(a) pressure on students to use the time well and it encourages students to pay attention to how you analyze a case. Read the case actively. Reading passively is one of the most important obstacles to efficient analysis. 65 ? In addition, students can try to get to know each other outside the classroom. This reduces their fear and strangeness towards each other. ? They can me et outside the classroom. This will definitely change the environment in the classroom.Building a complaisant network is important to case discussion. Students surrounded by classmates who clearly respect them will probably be at least a little more willing to take risks in discussions. The often perspicacious but damaging influence of stereotypes about gender, personal appearance, and many other characteristics can be deadening when people get to know each other as they are instead of what they are project to be. A classroom friend can encourage a quiet student to speak up or to take bigger risks with his/her comments 66.Regardless of business seriousness, it is alsohelpful to be funny at some points, and make others enjoy the class with a little humor. participation. However it should be accompanied by participating. It is important to listen to everyone carefully and contribute equally, and do not hesitate to talk whenever an idea pops in the mind. Listening is the most impor tant factor of 67 Take a little time after class to think about the discussion before the memory of it fades away, youll capture more of the value of the classroom experience. The short-term benefit is greater clarity about the issues that link on case to another and lends ropiness to a course.In long run, these takeaways become your personal bible for leadership. is the product of useful contributions over a period of time, not occasional bravura performance. You need to be patient. Effective collaboration 68 ? In conclusion, it is important to first analyze and discuss a case to develop ones understanding of it. Afterwards, the knowledge gained can be employed to draw up the planning of the casebased essay. Finally, using the guidelines outlined, the different aspects of the case canvass can be used to write up a well-researched essay. 69 ?Ellet W (2007) The Case get word Handbook How to Read, Discuss, and Write Persuasively About Cases (Boston Harvard Business School Press) ECCH Case dissect Workshop 2010 ? 70 View as multi-pages TOPICS IN THIS record Scientific method, Casebook method, Case study, soft research think DOCUMENTS How to analyse case study How to analyse a case study Step 1 grab a general impression Which organisations and industries/sectors does it relate to? Is the organisation doing well or badly and how has it performed in the chivalric? Is it an organisation that has an unbroken record of success or has it fallen on hard times? Look at the development of the organisation over time. What strategies has it pursued? Which have succeeded and which have failed? How lucky has the 4076 Words 3 Pages READ large DOCUMENT Case Study Guide Ukzn Westville South Africa UKNZN, SCHOOL OF MIG- DISCIPLINE OF MAKERTING AND return CHAIN SCMA 305 2013 CASE STUDY GUIDE ANSWERING CASE STUDIES The following problems that have prevented companies to be successful are as follows 1. The unfitness to recognize important problems 2. Difficulty in formulating the main problem 3.The inability to actually visualize or understand the situation 4. The inability to communicate with other managers and 4076 Words 7 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Case Study Introduction to Case Study by Winston Tellis+ The Qualitative Report, Volume 3, Number 2, July, 1997 (http//www. nova. edu/ssss/QR/QR3-2/tellis1. html) Abstract This paper is the first of a series of three articles relating to a case study conducted at Fairfield University to assess aspects of the rapid introduction of Information Technology at4076 Words 20 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Case study ? Case Study Evaluation Protocol and Procedures Evaluation of the overall quality of each case study will be made on the following criteria CASE STUDY PARTS CRITERIA Abstract Summary paragraph introducing the project, building, hypothesis, highlights of findings. concise brief of the parts to the case study. Introduction Description of building, background 4076 Words 3 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT MGMT591 Case Study Analysis ? Case Study Analysis Building a Coalition Aldranon English II emailprotectedcom MGMT591_68800_20150301 Glenn Palmer bound 22, 2015 Abstract This is an in-depth analysis of case study involving the Woodson Foundation. The analysis will evaluate the structure, environment (internal and external), strategy and execution of instrument of tactics surrounding the program. This is only my interpretation of the programs strengths 4076 Words 6 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Case Analysis Study Case Study Analysis Paper Prepare a 1,400 to 1,750-word case study analysis paper based on the University of Phoenix Material, Case Study for Student Analysis, located in Week Two of the COMM/215 pic page.Below is a detailed description explaining how to prepare a case study analysis paper. ____________________________________________________________ _________________ 4076 Words 6 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT How to Write a Case Study Write a Case Study Analysis By Karen Schwe itzer, About. com Guide feel More About case studies case study analysis mba classes Ads Wetting Balance TestingSolderability Testing Analysis Components -PWB- Assemblywww. standsgroup. com Requisite OrganizationFree research and information from the RO International Institute. www. requisite. org Novi Team BuildingIdealna zabava za4076 Words 4 Pages READ FULL DOCUMENT Case Study Writing Fromate Writing a case study report Josephine Hook, Research scholarship Coordinator Josephine. emailprotected edu (Source www. office. microsoft. com) Outline ? What is a case study? ? Approaching a case study assignment ? The structure of a case study report ? Key elements of a case study report What is a case? A case might be ? A 4076 Words

How useful is social class Essay Example for Free

How useful is social conformation EssayHow useful is social class as a variable for segmenting consumer markets? Explore.In the early days of segmentation, according to Schiffman, it was non unusual to apply only 1 segmentation mensuration, e.g. demographic segmentation. Today marketers have realized that it is to simplified to apply only one criterion for segmenting complex markets. Therefore, it is common to combine several criteria to create rich and comprehensive segmentation profiles in station to find the most beneficial target markets for ones fruit. Shortly, it crowd out be argued that geographic and demographic variables help to position a certain target market, whereas psycho-graphic and socio-cultural variables help describe who its members are, how they think and how they feel.Demographic is segmenting customers based on age, income, gender, and so forth Geographic is based on the region or country they live in. psycho-graphic is based on their record and so cio-cultural segmentation is segmenting the market based on their subculture, religion, social class, family lifestyle/life-cycle (single, married etc). Currently, we will focus on the importance of segmenting the consumer markets based on their social class.Almost every society has some form of a social class structure. According to Kotler, Social classes are societys relatively permanent and ordered divisions whose members share similar values, interest, and behaviors.Society is mainly divided into three major classes, focal ratio, Middle and Lower. But social scientists have place that society can be classified into seven social classes. They are the Upper Uppers, Lower Uppers, Upper Middles, Middle Class, Working Class, Upper Lower, and Lower Lowers (See Appendix I).Companies need to consider social class as a variable for segmenting the consumer markets because it is useful for them in determining their target market. It helps them in setting the different trade mix for dif ferenttarget market based on their social class. For example, a car fellowship like Toyota produces many different types of car with different brands prices and which are targeted to different people. The expensive cars like shoot Cruiser and Celica is targeted to the upper class. While their other brands like Soluna and Toyota Kijang is mainly focused on the pose and functional class.Marketers are besides interested in social class because people within a devoted social class tend to show similar buying behavior. It helps the marketers in setting the price and the gauge to use for their product. For instance the Upper Uppers appearance of decision-making of purchasing a product and the product they purchase would be different from those of the Upper Lower.They would opt to purchase a more expensive product with good tone. They would non go for cheap products thinking that because if it is inexpensive, it is sure an inferior product. For example, in choosing a car. The u pper class would prefer to buy something more elite and exclusive like Mercedes and Lexus since it has a class, and is more of a good quality product. They would not go for something like Timor. Therefore, it is vital that marketers consider the social class when segmenting consumers because it influences on consumer purchasing decision-making. Here, marketers be that their upper class consumers see the quality comparing to price. So they have to develop a product with merit features, since the society is affordable to pay for the product.Besides aiming on target market and setting the price, it also helps the marketers in deciding their advertising activities. The way a company advertises for an expensive and exclusive products will be different from the way they advertise a low quality product. Im sure a marketer would not waste a lot of money in their advertising campaign for an inferior product that is targeted to the middle and lower class. Example, for soap products like Lux and Giv. Lux Company focuses on middle to upper class as their target market. To make it look like a pricier product, they use famousactresses as their model. At times, the model in the advertising do effect on the consumer decision-making. While Giv Company focuses more on lower class consumers. They are less bother to hire expensive models for their advertising. They would go for a more simple advertising campaign.Overall, I would like to state that if marketers use social classes in targeting their consumer markets, they will be able to easily identify their target, understand their consumer behavior, minimize risk for new products and services and hence can organize successful marketing strategies in which they can sell their products in a better way and can gain more profit. They will also be able to know about the need of their customers and hence can serve them better in the future.

Compare the two newspapers Essay Example for Free

equivalence the two themes EssayIn this essay I will be studying two phrases and discussing the differences in the midst of them. One member is from the tabloid in the rawspaper The Daily Mail and the other article is from the broadsheet newspaper The Guardian. Both propounds atomic number 18 the same and are approximately an A-level grading scandal at the universities in Cambridge and Oxford. The publicize in like manner includes slight exaggeration describing the disaster at the universities as a scandal to entice the examineer.The pageboy is set on a five-column layout with two subsections at the bottom of the page. The pictures are printed honest below the headline, as they are important to the clarification of the report. Below the pictures are the annotations from each of the three students explaining their stories. There are also the name calling of the reporters and writers above the article. The three pictures of the students are full facials as the phot ographers were trying to get close-up enough so you can feel the frustration that they are going through.They are three separate pictures as the students are from diametric classes, possibly even from different schools. They catch a student from Hi recital called Michael Herring a young lady from English called Ann-Marie and another young lady also called Anne-Marie but from Geography. The emotions they show are frustration and anger at the situations they realise now been put in. The col paragraph is definitely the important part of the article not including the headline.It is the first proper part of script, which you read, and its this part, which has to get you hooked for you to read on. The opening paragraph for this report definitely does that as it summarises the grade in short form, so, if you like it, you read on, if you dont, you read whatever does liaison you. Overall the scripted report is all about the event at hand, it doesnt flap and talk about something else suddenly, it is about the one story only. There arent rattling any opinions but it does have peoples speech and comments e.g. some members of the council board have mentioned that there is a definite fault in the new grading system. It does mention that Tony Blairs son Euan Blair could have also been affected by this event as he was taking his French A-levels at the time it happened. So Tony Blair is supporting any means of helping the situation. In my opinion the reporters would find it hard to find this sort of story amusing and they have obviously looked into all fact and written each one about twice.So I figure they certainly have their own opinions about this situation. There isnt really any proper slang as this is an important report and the language is aimed at all age groups. The reporters have made sure everyone can read the article. It isnt written in superior or sophisticated words either, as the newspaper is not aimed at really high-class people . There isnt any jokes or song expressions, as they arent trying to make this story into a joke , it is a serious report. I would say the overall tone of the report is earnest.This decision is supported by the title of the report which exaggerates the story and makes it sound very significant. The pictures support the tone as the students seem depressed and unhappy so they also make you think what has happened is not a bang-up thing . The report itself is written as if they know exactly what their talking about and they want you to know. I dont think this is typical report for a tabloid newspaper because normally they add disperses of stock expressions and use more colloquial language. I think the purpose of this report is to make you think.Think about the important things that are happening at the moment that arent actually affecting you, for you to realise what is happening in your community and to possibly act upon it. Maybe you cant act upon this but maybe when there is something else plainly as important you wont choose to ignore it. In the broadsheet newspaper this would probably be categorised as an inside story as it doesnt take up much room on a broadsheet page. Also this report doesnt have any pictures but it does have a lot of writing. The article is about the same subject as the tabloid, but the headline describes it in a different way.It doesnt use any exaggeration but it tries to make the report sound more horrific by saying the number of examination papers that have to be reviewed, which is, 300,000 where as the tabloid newspaper verbalize the number of students that the grading scandal had hit, which is, 100,000. The report is a six-column layout with a short bold headline above it and a quick summary of what the story is about before you actually start to read the article and at the end of the report theres an email address for the Guardian newspaper online. The opening paragraph uses no colloquial language and is written in a full but short sentence.The whol e article is dedicated to the written report and there are no subsections on the page although in a broadsheet there were probably other features on the page or other stories. Again the writers or reporters names are on the page. No slang words are used as the grammatical case of people who read the newspaper are mainly high-class people who wouldnt read slang or colloquial language. There are a lot of peoples comments in the report. I suspect the reporters find this story very interesting as they include what a lot of people said and add the teachers names who work at the universities.There are no stock expressions but I dont think its just because this is a serious report, I dont think they use them anyway. I think the tone of the report in the broadsheet is not quite as serious as in the tabloid , the newspaper like the story and decided to publish it to see if that would get the readers eye. I dont think it was very high priority to the reporters as it was only an inside story and there were no pictures to support the tone of the article and the headline wasnt very strong either.The broadsheet would ever publish something like this as a human interest story, unlike the tabloid, as it would not interest the type of people who would buy this newspaper. My conclusion is that I think tabloid newspapers are easier to read and they have pictures to support the article and the newspaper is smaller to carry around. They were two very informative but in their own ways. They are very different and that is because they are aimed at different audiences.

My Last Duchess Essay Example for Free

My Last Duchess EssayIn the Poem My Last Duchess by Robert Browning the heartless and haughty speaker explains a painting of his last wife while inadvertently revealing a darker side to his last spousal than wizard might view from they outside. The verse form depicts a dense stream of conscious feel to it by using language and sentence structure parkland to conversation earlier to the time period it was written. The use of twas not , and the English spelling of favour suggests the poem occurred in a time period in which husbands held forcefulness over their wives with such things as nine-hundred-years-old call and money. Brownings great usage of dated speaking style creates a historical medium from which the event which slowly unfold. The poem is masked in a conversation with one person speaking in a dramatic monologue about his beloved portrait of the last duchess he married. The rhetorical questions Whod this sort of indolent and end rhymes in the couplets throughout the poem wall call and had glad drive the poem from one line to the next . These techniques create motion in the poem much like the anger and impudence that the Duke exerted towards his deceased wife to control her.The diction of this poem mirrors the force with which the Duke ruled his house as intimately as the social male norms at the time. The poem My Last Duchess is told from first point of view by a selfish man admiring his late wifes smiling portrait. As the Duke entertains his guest, you, he tells of My favour after contemplating how shall I say? that his wife flirted with all she encountered. The biased first person account of the death of the duchess leads the reader into the marrow squash of the mans thoughts and allows for a more in depth understanding of his desire for control toward his wife even in death.His dramatic monologue gives perhaps more information concerning the specifics of his involvement in wifes death than he realizes. The quotations embodied within t he poem such as Just this or that in you disgusts me and Her mantle laps over my Ladys wrist too much as well as the direct address Sir, twas all one to the guest shows the Dukes self-important attitude and his high regards for the thoughts which he believes others are thinking. The Duke boasts that he now holds the role to let others behold the smile of the portrait that was meant only for him.He gets so enthralled with his own story of his wife he reveals that his commands ended the duchesss smiles and possibly her life. The first person point of view for this poem explains further the thirst for former and self-love which the Duke honors himself with by positive the women and people in his life of which he feels superior. Browning illustrates the complexity of the controlling Duke by showing his carelessness and arrogance by the words he uses to impress his guest.The Duchess painted on the wall has a countenance that only can be seen by the command of the Duke. When the Duke believes the Duchess finds interest in other people beside her husband, The Duke, gave a command which stopped all her smiles to everyone. When the Duke could not obtain complete power over and tame his young wife, she died in a manner which is not fully explained. The Duke with the nine-hundred-year old cry is meeting with a man that is offering the Duke his daughter some other young maiden for marriage.This offer of marriage is gladly accepted by the Duke no doubt is eager to attempt to tame yet another sea-horse of a wife. For the Duke this marriage is a trial of the subservience of women to their wealthy and powerful husbands. The details given in this poem bring forth the conclusion that the Duke got rid of his last Duchess and is now ready for a crude one. The title of the poem My Last Duchess suggests that the Duke had had more than one Duchess.Had the poem illustrated the Dukes first wife it could have been coroneted My First Duchess. The startling command line toward t he end of the poem lets the reader realize that this man has the power to make a woman be remembered by nothing more than a portrait controlled by the master of the house. This poem has themes commonly found in the local color movement and associated with feminism. Browning gives the hearing a picture of the dark and distorted beginning of a new couple and marriage.

Anselm and Aquinas Perspective Essay Example for Free

Anselm and doubting Thomas horizon EssayAnselm of Canterbury and Thomas Aquinas had conceptualized their own justification for the reality of immortal. For Anselm, he chiefly indicated his strong defensive measure of intellectual foundations of Christianity under the concept of onto logical systemal argument for the existence of divinity. Anselm argued that the existence of beau ideal is not lone(prenominal) in adult male minds still rather in reality. The idea of Proslogion had become the main argument of Anselm, which he holdd in order to defend his idea of Gods existence. The idea of ontological demonstration of had trusted the concept of disembarrassing the logic behind the existence of God.On the other hand, the ideas of Aquinas had provided signifi screwingt approach of cosmogonic theology in order to prove the existence of God. Aquinas had utilized the five components of reason that justify Gods existence in a logical perspective. Discussion ontological Proo f of Anselm The ontological argument of Anselm considered the idea of Proslogion, which argued the logical universe of God. According to the perspective of Anselm, the being of God is so clear that the definition present in the character of God is already enough to justify His existence.As say in the book of McGrath (1998), in Anselms Proslogion, he offers the definition of God as that than which no bang-up thing can be thought (89). From the idea of Anselm, the existence of God came from the statement, that than which nothing greater can be conceived. The arguments of Anselms ontological proposal involve, God as the greatest possible being. Anselm argued that the notion and the spirit of a being existing moreover in the minds of human being and society could not be considered as great or powerful. Hence, if God is to exist, He must exist in reality for Him to mother His power overall.In this logic, Anselm justified the existence of God, in not only the mind of Human beings and most of all in reality. In the perspective of Anselm, he utilized the idea of faith and logic in order to justify Gods existence. The idea of using faith gave the thought of Gods charge as determined by belief of His presence. For Anselm, in order for one to assure Gods existence, one should first believe that God exist in reality and not only in human minds. Faith had been viewed by Anselm as an important component in brain the nature and the mystery for Gods existence.In the idea of faith, one does not have to consider the validity of truth or false in believing Gods existence, but only a simple indication of believing or not believing. In the context of faith, he argued that the existence of God is not the ones in the mind of men, but rather the agreement of faith. The human minds had their control on whether believing or not believing the thoughts of Gods existence. On the other hand, Anselms use of logic to prove the argument of Gods existence occurred in the concept o f Proslogion.Within the logic of Proslogion, Anselm mentioned that the being of God under His characteristics of being transcendent and immanent were the main points to consider His existence. According to hogget (2004), if God were not transcendent then there would be no reason to assume His compulsion. If God were not immanent, then no one could know Him (95). Under the theology of Anselm, the concept of faith should alleviate the belief for the revelations of Gods existence, while the idea of Prologion gave rise to the logical reasoning of explaining the existence of God. cosmogonic Proof of Aquinas Aquinas argument of the cosmological evidence of Gods existence rotated around five components, which provided the argument of his defense. In Summa Theologia of Aquinas, he argued using these five ways of justifying the existence of God under the basic thought of mans relation with God as Creator and creation. In his first argument, Aquinas provided the argument of motion in order to depict the concept of change. He argued that the presence of dynamics in this motion was brought by a cause that possessed significant purpose.In addition, he mentioned that from a single cause of motion, another cause is employed, and from there, under still until the concept of unlimited causality arrived. Aquinas thought that the origin of this greater chain cannot possibly come from human nature but more significantly from God, which proved the He existed. In Aquinas second argument, he utilized the saying of cause and nub argument that gave the idea of an event as being the effect and influenced by a cause. Somehow, the idea of the second argument had been derived from the concepts of motion wherein the cause-and-effect motion should always possess the original cause.In Aquinas argument, he pointed this original cause as God. In the third argument, Aquinas introduced the idea of contingent human beings, which he argued the purpose of the presence of non-necessity being ( human beings) and the presence of necessity being (God). According to the perspective of Aquinas, the non-necessity being was able to come since the existence of the necessity being had always been present. Aquinas provided his declaration and personification of necessity being as God, who is the necessity being and facilitated every creation.The fourth argument of Aquinas, he proposed the idea of value origin. He considered that the values of goodness, grace, love, forgiveness, etc had all been originated from the domineering background of God. The only nature that can provide the unbent intent of these values is Gods nature hence, justifying the existence of God. Lastly, the fifth argument of Aquinas obscure the necessity for a being to facilitate the task of supervising the creation, which can only be facilitated by God. ConclusionWithin the study, the existence of God had been proven under two perspectives of Anselm and Thomas Aquinas. With Anselms Ontological proof of Gods e xistence, he defended with the two components of faith and logic. He argued that God is present not only in the human mind for God is great, and no being can be great if he only exists in the minds of men. Hence, with faith that God is existing, God indeed is existing, and because He is great, His existence is justified. On the other hand, Aquinas provided the five components that defended the existence of God.He introduced the argument of motion (God facilitated the change), argument of cause and effect (God as the very cause), argument of non-contingent being (God as the essential being), argument of the origins of values (God provided all the positive values), and lastly the argument of supervisor of creation (God sees and manages the happenings in the Earth).Works CitedHogg, David S. Anselm of Canterbury The Beauty of Theology. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. , 2004. McGrath, Allister E. Science Religion An Introduction. Blackwell Publishing, 1998.

Aspects of the Southern Colonies Essay Example for Free

Aspects of the Southern Colonies EssayCrops were important to the southern economy. Because they did so well furthestming, the southerners did not make many tools or household goods. They grew large crops of tobacco, corn, rice and wheat, which populate wanted in England. In the 1600s, tobacco was very important. It was the most valuable export. The tobacco was put in barrels, shipped to England and sold. Most Maryland people grew tobacco on minuscule farms. Sometimes, whole plantations depended on the tobacco crop. With money from tobacco, plantation owners could live a good life. The Southern Colonies primarily depended on cotton and tobacco plantations. As the plantations grew they had to employ black slaves. The plantations were in full self contained with their own blacksmith, teachers and professionals. So there were no big cities or towns. The Southern Colonies had a austere three class system upper class rich plantation owners, middle class small plantation owners, lower class poor whites and a population of Negroes of no class.As can be seen socially all three sets of colonies were different. Yeoman farmers, who worked smaller tracts of land, sat in popular assemblies and found their style into political office. Their outspoken independence was a constant warning to the oligarchy of planters not to encroach too far upon the rights of free men. By the early 18th century, colonial legislatures held two significant federal agencys the right to vote on taxes and expenditures, and the right to initiate legislation rather than merely act on proposals of the governor. The legislatures used these rights to check the power of royal governors and to pass other measures to expand their power and influence. In time, the center of colonial administration shifted from capital of the United Kingdom to the provincial capitals.

Analytical Description of Players in Hamlet Essay Example for Free

Analytical Description of Players in hamlet attemptThe significance of the players exceeds the sole purpose of entertainment, as each possesses the power to unveil the occulted guilt (3.2.75) and scruples of the King. Hamlet assumes the responsibility to advise these players with precise and adequate packion so that a whirlwind of dearest (6) may non effectively separate Claudius from personally identifying with the play. Hamlets enthusiastic approach toward direction may be so that he encourages the players to suit the action to the word, the word to the/ action, with this special observance, that you oerstep not/ the modesty of nature (16-18). However, this exercise of caution may justify Hamlets too often delayed attempt toward the action of avenging his fathers murder. His direction confines him to the overflow of oral communication as he experiences imprisonment within the truth of his own identity.Hamlet grants himself the opportunity to momentarily direct himself, yet it be unknown as to whether he directs a representation of truth or a falsity. He exemplifies madness so wellhead, as the sight of a damned ghost (77) insanely induces his resourcefulness and comfortably transforms his identity to one of lunacy. This role he acquires is one he portrays so explicitly well as an actor that he easily utilizes it as the foundation for his players. He instructs the playersNor do not precept the air too much with your hand,Thus, but function all gently, for in the very torrent, tempest,And, as I may say, whirlwind of passion, you must acquireAnd beget a temperance that may give it smoothness. (4-7)Abstinence from to a fault dramatizing the actions of the play may be reflective of Hamlets character prior to his escape from true self a once-lived life of normalcy focused more wholly on smoothness (7) rather than an uncontrolled torrent, tempest, / whirlwind of passion (5-6).Hamlets direction of the players claims victory as Claudius abruptly aris es and exclaims, Give me some light. Away (254) Horatios observation of the Kings reaction confirms his guilt-inflamed conscience as he was forced to witness the reenactment of his brothers murder. Hamlet, relieved, reveals, Ill take the ghosts word for a thousand/ worst (271-272). The ghost is officially trustworthy as the Kings reaction encourages Hamlet to journey further toward his mission of avenging the close of his father.Any form of immediate action is ignored when Hamlet wrestles Polonius with false visions of psychosis as he inquires, Do you see yonder cloud thats almost in shape of a / camel (355-356)? Hamlets separation from action invites a ace of fear that intensifies his madness and entangles his entire self in nothing more than the mere use of words. It is his words that camouflage the notion that his own conscience may be afflicted with an overpowering sense of guilt.Even though Hamlets accurate direction of the players did celebrate success as it illustrated the guilt of the Kings conscience, Hamlets identity remains in crisis as he continues to revel in his words. His speech reveals his craving for actionTis now the very witching time of night,When churchyards yawn and hell itself (breathes) outContagion to this world. Now could I drink animated blood,And do such (bitter business as the) dayWould quake to look on. (367-371)The claim that he is alert to engage in necessary action remains solely a claim as Hamlets shoot down of self-loathing dominates his internal struggle. He may fear the truth of his identity, as he is horrified by the naive realism included in the players precise portrayal of his own life in actuality.

First Opium War Essay Example for Free

First Opium War analyzeIn 1899, right field after the First Opium War, china was under the control of European abilitys and japan, Qing Dynasty was so vague that hardly could defeat these powers. distributively of these powers found out that China was a country which owned transition of resource. Therefore, altogether of them wanted to mountain with China to earn more benefit and robbed various parts of coastal places, unfold Chinese territorial and Administrative integrity and would not interfere with the free use of the conformity ports at bottom their lands of inference in China. John Hay, the private secretary to Abraham Lincoln, the person who proposed the Open adit Policy.At that time, the United States was just finished the invasion of Philippine with Spanish and turned to China. They also had great disport in China and found out that China was the biggest market in the whole world. The Open door Policy was declared base on this situation. Hay said,Earnestly desirous to remove any designer of irritation and to ensure at the same time to the commerce of all nations in Chinashall enjoy stainless equality of treatment for their commerce and navigation within such spheres.The purpose of writing the document was to veer the power countries had gained from their spheres of influence. The United States had no spheres of influence in China because it had just recently taken concern in Asia. Therefore, John Hay sought to prevent other countries from having more power than the United States. Each power claimed exclusive privileges of investment, and other powers seek to monopolize the trade as well.As the Open Door Policy took into action, each power should have to follow the rule 1. Each great power should keep on free access to a treaty port or to any other vested interest within its sphere. 2. Only the Chinese government should collect taxes on trade. 3. No great power having a sphere should be granted exemptions from paying harbor dues or railroad charges. This insurance policy which showed above has obviously changed twain China and the United States. From the United States, they found the biggest market in the whole world which is China. Before the States was unable to trade with China and didnt have time to care about China. No subsequent than they defeated Spain in Philippine. They turned their sight to China, a huge market for trade which had been untapped and allowed the States to gain a financial foothold in China.This decision tin can mete out them earn the near benefit. United States became Chinas largest partner. Therefore, although the tax they need to pay was as the same as all the other powers, they tick off-aside(p) the most market of China, which means they were the largest earner between China and European power. By the way, it was the first time for the United States to expend their market to Asia. It has laid a good foundation for the commercial-grade intercourse between America and Chin a several decades later. On the other hand, this policy has changed China a lot, even much more than America.During that period China was nominally controlled by Qing Dynasty, but actually virtually half land of China was invaded by foreign country and divided by France, German, British, Italy, Russia, Japan, and the United States, we cry out these eight countries as Eight-Power Alliance. Anyway, China was a country with half colonization and half feudalism. Each power was interested in the huge benefit in China. But they all had a fear with others. none of them dared to become the first. As the Open Door Policy proposed by America, the entire problem has been solved. Everyone got the same right to trade with China and had to pay the tax. It looks like everyone received what they want except China. However, just the opposite, China has occupied a huge change during this period. First, it has increased the trade of China and help to develop the economics of China. by and by the Fir st Opium War, that was the weakest period of China. Drug has poisoned this huge country suffer from paining. Open Door Policy gave China a chance to develop them. Second, this policy gave China to advocate an impartial system of taxation set up a system of equal trading rights, which also helped to prevent European Power and Japan divided China into separate colonies, also intended to lower taxes and gave America an equal chance to trade with China.Third, the United States was the biggest partner effectively stopped countries from colonizing China this helped to keep China a united, sovereign nation. In recent years, China has developed much faster than before. In 1978, the president Deng Xiaoping took office, China formally cooperated with America. It can be said as America helped to increase Chinas economic. The development of trade gives some(prenominal) China and America pretty much benefit. Finally, the Open Door Policy is the most important policy during the whole that period . Without that policy, maybe China would be divided into several parts. Open Door Policy give America more benefit, but actually the biggest earner is China.

Identity and Belonging Essay Example for Free

Identity and Belonging EssayMy family and I left the Kabul for Pakistan in 1995. Our dream was a better emotional state a life which we could sleep a night with peace a life which we could walk with no fair. Me and my father we were working as labour for a sm every company, it was 50/km far from our home and we were discharge t here(predicate) by my dads bicycle.The work was cloggy everything was hard in that respect, but when I was coming home and looking that my brothers and sisters are having book to read and they are going to school, we have something to eat and no one is here try to kill us I was felling same i have everything. With our straggle and hard working in 1999 my dad buy a home base we moved there our life was becoming more comfortable we were happy. But we didnt k right off that now something really bad is running after us.A really nasty daytime my dad was couch at home I was coming from work it was 7pm, I saw a car blockade my way four guy was standing beside the care they abused me with a really bad diction and said come to car, i run to fight with them two of them took out the gun and shot safe to my feat , one of them came near to me and hit me with the gun I fall down, when I weak up, it was a dark house my head was full of blood. I remember, the days which my dad was taken to Talibans prising because he was translator of American embassy.My dad was too keen that get him out of that, for me it was impossible. After six years, here is now three more guys with me, they are using us as cleaner dish washer cocks any kind of work. Every day we were planning to escape from there but we couldnt. In 2009 we scaped from there but just three of us get succeed. I came back to Pakistan to find my family but no one was there they escaped from Pakistan too. I didnt know where to go i went to my dads friend place, he told me my dad went to Iran and after 5 years he went to Australia, so my dad and all the family was in Australia.I was re ally happy by hearing that because they were save now. I get the tot and call him, he told me he will sponsor me and i will be there in just one year but it was too hard to stay one day because the Talibans were still after me. So i chooses illegal way to came to us, went to Indonesia we were 80 people in boat a small boat, he told me he will sponsor me and i will be there in just one year but it was too hard to stay one day because the Talibans were still after me.

Dendrophthoe Petandra L. Miq.s Progesterone-Like Effect

Dendrophthoe Petandra L. Miq.s Progesterone-Like EffectABSTRACTThe in-vivo convey on healthy adult female rat were known that suck out methanol of Dendrophthoe Petandra L. Miq by intramuscular injection (w/v) at dose 100 mg/kg body weight for four age (s.d.d.) can be produce progesterone hormone two seasons more than usual levels. That phenomenon seemingly indicates that plant as an Indonesia namely Benalu duku were probably consist of steroid with carbon copy bonding meanss at bend 1st to 21st namely pregnane derivate. These research aims to determined specialisedity active cognitive contents of methanol crude option Benalu duku leaves with pharmacodynamics issuing like progesterone hormone. Pulverized Benalu duku leaves at 400g was draw ined with 2 L methanol pro epitome circle by shaker maceration method at 200C during the 72 hours. Semi solid crude plagiarize were drying by vacuum dried apparatus and UV exposure at 15 minutes and analysis by FT-IR and LC ESI MS. R esearch result obtained that active substances with primary(prenominal) chemical organise of pregnane derivate were progesterone at somewhat 30%, medroxy progesterone ethanoate at about 66%, megestrol acetate rayon at about 3% and 1% dydrogesterone.Key words Benalu duku, pregnane derivate, anabolic steroid, leaves perpetrate FT-IR, Methanolic leaves extract LC-ESI MS.IntroductionDendrophtoe Petandra L Miq (Benalu duku) as a parasites plant growing on Lancium demesticum were known have a several essential active substances and exertionual for treated proliferation cell (NURAINI et al., 2000, ROOSTANTIA et al., 2000 and RATNA et al., 2007). Some researcher reported that plants have a beneficially active substance like alkaloid, flavonoid, polyphenol, terpenoid and free steroid (ARIFA et al., 2009). New research report explained that crude methanolic extract of Benalu duku leaves can be increasing progesterone hormone two times more than usual levels, but giving follicle-stimul ating hormone levels on female adult rat (BAMBANG, LAZUARDI, 2014). The last research report indicate that plants have a several substances with characterize as a progesterone like way out.Characterization progesterone like effect was known have a special chemical main structure namely pregnane derivate with consist of carbon at 1st to 21st at their double bonded chain structure or (8S,9S,10S,13R,14S,17S)-17-ethyl- 10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12, 14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H- cyclopenta a phenanthrene. Identically of their main structure of pregnane derivate were known as an anabolic hormone and usefully for treatment prostate cancer in adult man (RANDOX LABORATORY LTD, 2013). Pregnane derivate were known have some specific anabolic steroid structure i.e cortisone, hydrocortisone, progesterone, medroxy progesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, 17- - hydroxyl progesterone acetate, dydrogesterone.Other herbal medicine with anabolic steroid action was raise at Mexico namely Co dices plant. That plant was similar with Benalu duku as a parasites plant growing at subtropics seasons (LERNER, ARNWINE, 2002). With analog to Codices plant in Mexico, might be benalu duku leaves after extracted by methanol were containing specific anabolic steroid. By background research at above, will be determined progesterone like effect substance like progesterone, medroxy progesterone acetate, megestrol acetate, dydrogesterone from base on overview of identic scintilla ion of LC-ESI MS and function compound of FT-IR.Materials and methodsBenalu duku leaves were obtained from Muara Enim neighbourhood of west Sumatera-Indonesia and identification as a Dendrophthoe Petandra L. Miq at Botany Research Institute at Tangerang capital of Indonesia Indonesia as described by BAMBANG, LAZUARDI (2014). Reference substance of progesterone was obtained from Sigma-aldrich product 46665 batch SEBA XV. Reference substance of medroxy progesterone acetate was obtained from Harsen pharmaceutic al Industry Jakarta Indonesia at pharmaceutics grade. Megestrol acetate reference corporeal was obtained from Sigma Aldrich at product 46420 batch SZB9173XV. Dydrogesterone reference material was used from European Directorate for quality medicines and health care, France by catalog code Y0001004.A 400 gram of pulverize benalu duku leaves were extracted on 2 L of methanol pro analysis on to the 1 L separated flask during the 72 hours (movement shaker maceration method at 200C). The semi-solid of crude extract were dried on vacum drying and exposure to uv hoy (15 minutes) for kept contaminate from the mold and some bacteria. Some amount of semi-solid crude extract benalu duku leaves was determined specific molecule structure compound by FT IR PerkinElmer Frontier 89485 and LC-ESI MS Accela TSQ Quantum Acess Thermo. The semi-solid crude extract methanol of benalu duku leaves was determined to molecule function of progesterone like effect substances at 400 cm-1 to 4000 cm-1 . exploi t control of LC-ESI MS were adjusted as follows column hypersil Gold 0.2 m length 10 cm gradient method with mobile phase at bottleful A 0.1% in Aqua bidest and bottle B 0,1% formic acid in acetonitrile pro HPLC. The gradient was perform at 35% to70% of B in 20 minute at 254 nm UV detector. Automatic sucking and injection might was adjusted at 10 l, flushing capacity 400 l with amphetamine at 100l.second-1, velocity injector 8 l.second-1, height of suction apparatus at about 2 ml capacity autosample phial at 1.2 ml. Temperature column was adjusted at 220C at maximum pressure pump 1250 PSI and stabile in 10 BAR (THERMO ELECTRON CORPORATION, 2007).ResultsAnalysis Spectrum infra-red of crude extract methanol Benalu duku leaves obtained that stretching redolent(p) compound specific overtone was presented at 1650 to 2000 cm-1. Especial in 1550 cm-1 to 1600 cm-1 was appeared stretching aromatic compound (1,s). In 1450 cm-1 to 1500 cm-1 was appeared s orbital of stretching aromatic co mpounds. At finger print area wavelength number of 600 cm-1 to 900 cm-1 and yard cm-1 to 1300 cm-1 were indicate of flexible carbon atom and hydrogen outside of area (k orbital) and inside of area (l orbital). To analyze similarities of infra-red spectrum between reference material vs., crude extract methanol of Benalu duku leaves at high intensity (%T) indicated that wavelength number of 1400 cm-1 to 1050 cm-1 and 1600 cm-1 to 1660 cm-1 were identic both of them. Even at low intensity (%T) on the finger print area 750 cm-1 to gravitational constant cm-1 were identic infra-red spectrum between reference materials vs., crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves. display panel 1 at bellow was presented specific function molecules of crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves after assessment by FT-IR by references of NOERDIN (1985).Analysis LC ESI-MS by Triple Stage Quadruple Mass Spectrometers were obtained that compound of progesterone like effect in extract methanol Benalu duku leaves were identic to reference materials of medroxy progesterone acetate, progesterone, megestrol acetate and dydrogesterone. Table 2 at bellow explained that computer storage time and ion molecule of ESI (m/z) as dependent variable of extract methanol Benalu duku leaves was similar to store time and ion molecules of ESI references material.Table 1. Infra-red spectrum (cm-1) and intensity (%T) crude extract benalu duku and reference materials of progesterone like effect substancesExtract benalu dukuProgesteroneMed. Prog. acetMegestrol acetateDydrogesteroneIdentified function group,cm-1 %Tcm-1%Tcm-1%Tcm-1%Tcm-1%T3500-340015-113436.69723434,340,113436,3910,163435,72-3374,3414,17-14,580-H2927,3312,872969,05-292510,25-8,22 abstracted2946,49-2927,6612,04-12,172989,16-2930,195,05-13,35 asymmetrical vibration, stretching C-H1632,8817,151699,13-1616,1749-8,831638,951,051664,2-1629,096,49-10,91659,51-1620,821,24-2,94Stretching aromatic ring (1,s)1458,0718,491438,7615,451401,193,291458,71 4,881452,0614,48Stretching aromatic ring (s)1272,2219,211279,25-1268,8917,85-18,67Absent1269,8310,11277,712,4Flexible C-H on orbital (l)1203,0919,361204,9114,97Absent1206,3114,181193,17,97Alkene, R-OH, stretching vibration C-H, aromatic1169,4419,731179,06-1162,4817,64-16,36Absent1166,4116,271174,79-1162,5817,08-14,51-CHCH-(trans),R-CH21062,8119,171116,3219,961112,603,281083,18-1058,6216,29-15,811064,1621,79CCH2, mono substitute alkenes826,5523,84871,1817,15Absent877,33-796,7814,9-21,26831,21-793,8624,45-23,51Tri substitute alkenes, meta-di subtitute Benzene (aromatic)721,4823,67778,14-687,3121,77-21,17Absent755,83-713,1920,62727,7723,21cis-di substitute alkenes, mono substitute benzene, meta-disub. benzene (Aromatic)639,2123,8687,3121,17644,792,57634,9420,65630,9918,55cis-di substituted alkenes (vinyl, C-H)Table. 2. Result analysis retention time and molecules ion of ESI between crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves and reference material as medroxy progesterone acetate, progest erone, megestrol acetate and dydrogesteroneAnalytesWeight (g/ml)AreaRetention time(minutes)Electron Spray Ionization (ESI)(m/z)Crude extract benalu duku leaves0,06462270444.40387.000Medroxy progesterone acetate0,15995854.40387.000Crude extract benalu duku leavesFigure 1 to Figure 4 at below obtained that LC ESI-MS of extract methanol benalu duku leaves were containing identic active substances of medroxy progesterone acetate, progesterone, megestrol acetate and dydrogesterone.DiscussionAnalysis by retention time and ESI (m/z) of LC ESI-MS were apparently just two of progesterone like effect substances on crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves that rattling identic substances to reference material namely medroxy progesterone acetate and progesterone. Other progesterone like effect substances as a megestrol acetate and dydrogesterone on crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves were mostly identic to reference material of megestrol acetate and dydrogesterone by different shift at 0.01 and 0.6 retention time of reference materials. Difference in retention time shift is closely linked nature of polarity samples bound to the column Hypersil Gold of LC. so the most likely molecular structure of megestrol acetate and dydrogesterone on methanol extract of benalu duku no likeness to 100% identically as reference materials of megestrol acetate and dydrogesterone. Analysis to compare between the values of molecule ion fragments (m/z) and ESI (m/z) reference materials of fourth progesterone like effect substances versus identically substances of progesterone like effect on crude extract methanol benalu duku leaves were apparently have a differences values (p