Dyslexia as a learning disorder Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Dyslexia as a learning issue - Assignment Example Quite a long while later, W. Pringle Morgan, a British doctor, distributed a portrayal of a perusing explicit learning issue in a letter to the British Medical Journal. His letter portrayed the instance of a kid named Percy who, at age 14, had not yet figured out how to peruse, yet he demonstrated ordinary insight and was commonly skilled at different exercises regular of offspring of that age. It's apparent that such youngsters need some impossible to miss associate. To demonstrate it I'd prefer to give a case of my little nephew. Andrew is a shrewd kid. At five years old he had the option to achieve complex numerical errands. Be that as it may, he was unable to peruse and every one of our powers to instruct him perusing were futile. He was completely cheerful when someone was perusing him so anyone might hear. It took him ten or five minutes to learn by heart a huge sonnet comprising of twenty lines. So we concluded that he was too youthful to even consider reading and at school this issue would be fathomed. Be that as it may, our notions have not end up being right. Among the offspring of his girl he was the best in arithmetic and the most noticeably awful in perusing. He got awful stamps ordinary and that caused him to accept to be inept. His educator clarified us that he wasn't to distinguish words and to perceive the sounds that made up words. Having investigated his duplicate book my auntie saw that he would in general converse letters and in some cases entire words for instance saw was composed as was b as d and so on. Andrew kept on lingering behind his companions in perusing and composing aptitudes. He loathed school since he was constantly advised to be moronic languid and the most noticeably terrible. Our beforehand cheerful kid was near mental meltdown. Also, we chose to counsel a specialist. The dyslexia was analyzed. Very much we should proceed with Andrew's story. At the primary visit to specialist Brant his mom was gotten some information about the family's clinical and fo rmative history. Andrew's mom said that her cousin had a similar issue. After that they were said that after the treatment Andrew would find real success at school and would get all opportunities to make an altogether fruitful vocation. Andrew's mom was encouraged to utilize perusing redesign course and the outcome was gigantic. Just a month in the wake of beginning this course my little nephew started to peruse himself from the outset syllables and after month and a fortnight he become ready to peruse impeccably without missing or turning around letters. Be that as it may, this extraordinary achievement has come to us not just attributable to this program. Andrew's family members were given a unique guide intended to encourage guardians right conduct. These days Andrew is a completely effective youngster. He's a first year understudy of the college; he gets along admirably at the college and doesn't recall about his issues at the youth. He is a genuine fanatic of perusing. He appea rs to know it all in the would. dyslexia is a learning issue. Its hidden reason is accepted to be a cerebrum based condition that impacts the capacity to peruse composed language. It is recognized in people who neglect to figure out how to peruse without a verbal or nonverbal scholarly impedance, tangible shortfall (e.g., a visual deficiency or hearing misfortune), inescapable formative shortage or a forthright neurological hindrance. The accompanying conditions are now and then mistook for dyslexia since they can likewise prompt trouble perusing: Sound-related Processing Disorder is a condition that influences the capacity to encode sound-related data. It can prompt issues with sound-related working memory and sound-related sequencing. Dyspraxia is a neurological condition portrayed by a stamped

The Racism in Othello Essays -- Othello essays Shakespeare

The Racism in Othelloâ â   â â Throughout the length of Shakespeare’s catastrophe, Othello, there is a constant flow of prejudice. It is beginning from not one, but instead a few characters in the play. In the initial scene, while Iago is communicating his abhorrence, rather disdain, for the general Othello for his having picked Michael Cassio for the lieutenancy, he invents an arrangement to mostly vindicate himself (â€Å"I tail him to serve my chance upon him†), with Roderigo’s help, by cautioning Desdemona’s father, Brabantio, to the reality of his daughter’s elopement with Othello. Roderigo shares Iago’s biased demeanor toward Othello: â€Å"What a full fortune does the thicklips owe/If he can carry't thus!† The word thicklips is a criticizing reference to a facial trait of numerous individuals from the dark race. When, by boisterous yelling, Brabantio is stirred, Iago starts with a progression of racial designations:  Zounds, sir, you're robb'd; for disgrace, put on  â â â your outfit;  â â â Your heart is blasted, you have lost a large portion of your spirit;  â â â Even now, presently, very now, an old dark slam  â â â Is beating your white ewe. Emerge, emerge;  â â â Awake the grunting residents with the ringer,  â â â Or else the villain will make a grandsire of you:  â â â Arise, I state. (1.1)  The expression old dark smash and the word fallen angel both make reference in a hostile way to brown complexion shading. The reference to white ewe has the impact of putting Othello’s obscurity into sharp difference. A couple of lines later Iago by and by turns his denunciation completely on Othello with three stinging racial designations:   â â â 'Zounds, sir, you are one of those that won't  â â â serve God, if the fallen angel offer you. Since we come to  â â â do you administration ... ... the darker demon!   OTHELLO. She turn'd to imprudence, and she was a prostitute.   EMILIA. Thou dost give a false representation of her, and thou workmanship a villain! (5.2)  Following Iago’s murder of Emilia, he is caught; Lodovico addresses Othello, who is so discouraged at having been misled by his antiquated:   â â â O thou Othello, thou wert once so great,  â â â Fall'n in the act of an accursed slave,  â â â What will be said to thee? (5.2)  Obviously, condemned slave has racial hints. Presently, the legend, in regret for the sad mix-up he has made, wounds himself and passes on the bed close to his significant other, his distress being as profound as his adoration.  WORKS CITED  Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http://www.eiu.edu/~multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Â

Cook Chill Free Essays

1. 0 INTRODUCTION Cook-chill and cook-freeze nourishment creations are methods for delivering food sources that have been utilized by various associations deciding from the kinds of nourishments and administrations that the specific association offers. These kinds of cooking techniques work connected at the hip with the kitchen plans. We will compose a custom article test on Cook Chill or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Kitchen configuration alludes to the design of kitchen gear and places of the working segments to create nourishments that address the issues of clients and in this manner arriving at the objectives of the foundation. 2. 0 A KITCHEN A kitchen is portrayed as a structure or a room in a structure that has been particular for cooking purposes as it were. Various foundations have their own kinds of kitchens with various plans that fill various needs. A few kitchens are structured unique for cooking clients on travel, for example, Fast Food eateries however a few kitchens needs to provide food for a particular gathering of individuals utilizing a particular sort of administration, along these lines it must have the correct number of workers who will carry out the responsibility and enough gear to spare time just as vitality. 3. 0 KITCHEN PLANS There are various kinds of kitchen designs that have a particular motivation behind activities. In the event that a kitchen is intended for a specific method for creation, it has additionally explicit sort of hardware accessible in that kitchen plan. There are various kinds of kitchen plan some of them are examined beneath. 3. 1 Corridor kitchen A passageway sort of kitchen, the machines, cupboards and counter space are organized on two confronting dividers. On the off chance that the room isn't excessively long, this can be a proficient kitchen. In any case, if the two parts of the bargains have entryways, traffic through may make disarray. 3. 2 U-molded kitchen This sort of kitchen is typically viewed as the best kind of a kitchen which has the best work triangle on account of its advantageous course of action and short strolling space between machines. It has a decided floor space and obliges a decided number of laborers. 3. 3 L-molded kitchen This kind of a kitchen makes a simple to-utilize work triangle. In the event that the kitchen space is sufficiently enormous, an eating community can be incorporated. This is simply the circumstance whereby clients serve. 3. 4Center sort of kitchen This kind of kitchen is the most widely recognized kind of kitchens that most foundations have utilized. The working zone is on the inside as the name recommends however doesn't give enough space. Figure 3. 4. 1 3. 5 Island kind of kitchen All the essential gear in the kitchen is put consecutive in the center of the working territory. This sort of setting requires a sufficient space to permit a simple stream and enough space between the hardware for simple cleaning and to abstain from making dull territories that presents bugs. 4. 0 WORK CENTERS A work community is a territory that centers around a specific sort of work movement, for example, arrangement or cooking. Incorporates apparatuses and work space and that the important gear is put away inside for simple reach as portrayed in figure 4. 0. Figure 4. 0. A gourmet specialist setting up a supper from a working community. 4. 1 Refrigerator-cooler focus * The fridge and the cooler have space close to them to utilize when stacking or emptying nourishments. * An extra room is required for things used to bundle nourishment for refrigeration. * Storage space for things utilized when serving refrigerated or solidified nourishments. 4. 2 Range center(gas/electric range) * Cabinet stockpiling for nourishments utilized at this inside. Extra room for pots, container, cooking instruments, for example, scoops, wooden spoons and pot handlers. 4. 3 Sink or cleanup focus * Appliances, for example, dish washers and nourishment squander disposers are found in these focuses * Adequate space for stacking dishes 4. 4 Mixing community * Can be between two focuses * Has a few electrical outlets * Storage space for estimating, blending and preparing hardware and all the fundamental fixings 5. 0 TYPES OF KITCHEN Organizations 5. 1 Conventional kitchen * They are appropriate for little foundations They have fixed menus and meals working on reasonable premise * All offices are gathered in squares * Preparation and completing are done in a similar region 5. 2 Combined arrangement and completing kitchen * They are appropriate for medium measured lodgings or foundations * Preparation and completing are done in a similar area * on a basic level, readiness and completing are absolutely or halfway isolated relying upon the foundation 5. 3 Separate readiness and completing kitchen( Satellite kitchen) * They are appropriate for huge foundations Preparation and completing are done in discrete segments; mis-en-place and the other one for completing * Each segment comprises of one lodging all the hardware for planning of the dishes * Usually, they have no extents, broiling skillet or steamed jacketed pots. Rather, they have flame broils, microwaves and Bain Marie. * 5. 4 Convenience nourishment kitchen * an arrangement important to the foundation that has no readiness kitchen yet buys just accommodation nourishments * manages the completing of nourishments just and generally canned nourishments * require refrigerated and dry stockpiling regions In choice of these kinds of kitchen, thought ought to be given * quantities of dinners to arranged at every supper period * sorts of administrations * client costs * framework for serving suppers * serving times for hot and cold dinners 6. 0 FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE DESIGN OF A KITCHEN 1. Administration prerequisite: Management ought to be very much aware of a nourishment administration destinations before arranging its kitchen, sort of menu and target numbers, and so on for the most part decide the kind of hardware to be in the kitchen 2. Space accessibility: One that boosts space wage or that guarantees productive use of room. 3. Measure of capital consumption: Have an exact thought of spending accessible since funds will regularly decide the general plan and adequacy. 4. Sort of hardware accessible: Space arrangement for ventilation and force gracefully of the kitchen. 5. Utilization of accommodation nourishments: Design of an inexpensive food kitchen utilizing instant food sources will be not quite the same as that of a kitchen serving †¦. la carte menu. 7. 0 FOOD HYGIENE various components may influence the quality and healthiness of nourishment. * The premises, hardware and conditions in which it is put away * The consideration taken by nourishment handlers to dodge pollution from different food sources. Enormous scope treatment of nourishment by staff not prepared or aware of cleanliness necessities is a significant wellspring of contamination. In such conditions, cross-sullying can without much of a stretch happen. * Allocation of the kitchen * The quantity of individuals passing by the kitchen * Contact of prepared nourishment with crude nourishments or utensils and surfaces defiled by crude nourishments is probably going to become tainted * Segmentation of cooking segments may debase high hazard food sources, for example, cooked poultry and meat (pies, soups, stock) milk, creams, custards, shellfish, eggs, cooked rice and dairy items. 8. COOK-CHILL FOOD PRODUCTION Cook-chill, as indicated by John Campbell,David Fasket and Victor Ceserani (2008), is a providing food framework dependent on the typical readiness and preparing of nourishment followed by fast chilling stockpiling in controlled low-temperature conditions above the point of solidification, 0â€3? , and thusly warming preceding utilization. The chilled nourishment is recovered in completing kitchens, which require low capital venture and least staff. Practically any nourishment can be cook-chilled given that the right techniques are utilized during the readiness. 8. 1 THE COOK-CHILL PROCESS The nourishment ought to be cooked adequately to guarantee obliteration of any pathogenic microorganisms. The procedure must start at the earliest opportunity after fruition of the cooking and assigning forms, inside 30 minutes of leaving the cooker. * The nourishment ought to be to 3? inside a time of an hour and a half. Most pathogenic life forms won't develop underneath 7, while a temperature beneath 3? is required to decrease development of spoilageand to accomplish the necessary stockpiling life. In any case, slow development of spoilageorganisms takes place at these temperatures and therefore stockpiling life cannotbe more prominent than five days. The nourishment ought to be put away at a temperature of 0â€3? furthermore, ought to be disseminated under such controlled conditions that any ascent intemperature of the nourishment during conveyance is kept to a base. For both security and acceptability the warming (recovery) of the nourishment ought to followimmediately upon the expulsion of the nourishment from chilled conditions and should raise thetemperature to a degree of at any rate 70?. The nourishment ought to be expended at the earliest opportunity and not over two hours afterreheating. Nourishment not proposed for warming ought to be devoured when convenientand inside two hours of expulsion from capacity. It is fundamental that unconsumed reheatedfood is disposed of. 9. 0 COOK-FREEZE FOOD PRODUCTION This sort of nourishment creation is comparable with the cook-chill arrangement of creation. The main distinction is temperature conditions that the nourishments are set in. 10. 0 COOK-CHILL AND COOK-FREEZE FOOD PRODUCTION RELATING TO THE KITCHEN DESIGN A kind of a kitchen figures out what sort of nourishment creation framework to be utilized. 1. A customary kind of kitchen delivers quick nourishments consequently, it can embrace the cook-chill creation framework. It is anything but difficult to warm the nourishments in the microwave than to begin planning; hamburger stew takes long to get ready and for a drive-thru eatery, time matters most. 2. L-molded kitchen makes an enormous working zone which likewise makes space for the cook-chill or cook-freeze gear since the hardware is huge and requires a bigger space e. g the impact chillers and profound coolers as in figure 10. 0. Figure 3. 0. A culinary expert setting up a supper utilizing a Blast chiller. 3. A u-formed kitchen, however viewed as the best, would not be the best kind of kitchen for a cook-freeze sort of creation. The gear may require one corner of the room which can't be conceivable in light of the fact that the corners may be busy with other eq

Get a Reroll With the Help of Research Article

Get a Reroll With the Help of Research ArticleAn article that you write will have a major impact on your article marketing efforts. When you get an article published in a well-known publication, it creates a favorable impression of your business, your writing, and your service. It also acts as your online resume. You would be happy to make your own professional impression as well as a great reputation by the time your article has been published.In order to create a great research article, you should make sure that you can make some notes that can assist you in a very important review of your success and your failures. A review of your published articles will demonstrate how your article writing skills were judged in relation to your actual writing skills. This would be a very useful tool for those who are following you as a professional, as a manager, or as a writer. An effective review of your articles would include the topic, the writing style, the theme, the style, the form, the c ontent, the theory, the structure, the repetition, the adjectives, the verbs, the final title, the keywords, the summary, the conclusion, and the contact information.This is why it is very important to research article in order to create a research article. The research part of the article gives you a chance to get all of the ideas that you have in mind for your article. Then you can add to them and make some changes according to the types of topics that are most needed. If you have a good idea for a research article, then it is time to go to the website of the reputable source and request the article.You can add another step to your research article by adding to your research website a letter to your customers, wherein you present your research and explain to them the reason why they should be interested in your product. The reason that the customers should be interested is to entice them to read your research, which will increase your chances of getting good reader responses and t his would create a good impact for your article marketing efforts. Your research should be written in a persuasive way so that it will convince your customers to act in the way that you want them to act.The next step in your research would be to get the results of your research and write them on a bullet point list. If you do not have time to write your research, you can write your research in a chart where you can copy the columns. Now is the time to cut up your research, send it to your customer and prepare a good table of contents. Once the article is published, you have a chance to re-write and edit it so that you can enhance the research.Once your research article is published, you need to submit it to your potential clients. You can create a Web site in which your article will be featured along with some other informative articles on your business and others can offer information on the subject. It would be much more effective to publish your research article on a website that has articles on the same subject as yours and provide the link of your site.Now you have all the elements that are needed for your research to be successful. You can now continue working on your articles in order to make your research article a very successful article.

Clinical Outcome Research Regarding Pediatric Bipolar...

Section 1. Summary of Clinical Outcome Research Regarding Pediatric Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder is a life-impacting condition that is often chronic, creates significant impairment, and is marked by a cycling between depressive and manic episodes. These episodes are manifested by unusual and extreme shifts in mood, energy levels, and behaviors that interfere with executive functioning (Wilkinson, Taylor, Holt, 2002). Divided into two levels of diagnosis; Bipolar I Disorder is defined by the occurrence of a manic episode that may or may not be accompanied by hypomanic or major depressive episodes (American Psychological Association, 2013). Furthermore, a diagnosis of Bipolar II Disorder is comprised by a hypomanic episode and a major depressive episode (American Psychological Association, 2013). For many years, the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in children has been controversial, partly due to the difficulty of identifying symptoms that are age appropriate versus clinically significant in children (Birmaher, 2013). Furthermore, Pediatric Bipolar Disorder can often present similarly to or occur comorbidly with other disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and anxiety disorders (Hart, Brock, Jeltova, 2014). Flaherty (2013) depicts Pediatric Bipolar Disorder as often having similar symptomatic presentation to pediatric schizophrenia. However, in recent years, Pediatric Bipolar Disorder has been gainingShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Childhood Bipolar Disorder?2344 Words   |  10 Pages What is Childhood Bipolar Disorder? 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Politics and Hip-Hop - 802 Words

Music is an art form and source of power. Many forms of music reflect culture and society, as well as, containing political content and social message. Music as social change has been highlighted throughout the 20th century. In the 1960s the United States saw political and socially oriented folk music discussing the Vietnam War and other social issues. In Jamaica during the 1970s and 1980s reggae developed out of the Ghetto’s of Trench town and expressed the social unrest of the poor and the need to over-through the oppressors. The 1980’s brought the newest development in social and political music, the emergence of hip-hop and rap. This urban musical art form that was developed in New York City has now taken over the mainstream, but†¦show more content†¦Indeed, McDonalds, Coca Cola, Sprite, Nike, and other corporate giants have capitalized on this phenomenon. Although critics of rap music and the hip hop culture seemed to be fixated on the messages of sex, vio lence, and harsh language, this genre offers us a paradigm of what can be. The potential of this art form to mend ethnic relations is substantial. There are many political messages in every part of our live, but Hip-Hop has transcended ethnic boundaries. Because of its eclectic audience, it has the greatest opportunity to build ethnic bridges and mend ethnic relations. Hip hop has taken hold and permeated significant regions of the world. The clothing, music, mannerisms, and lexicon, are unmistakably the same in New York, Los Angeles, Paris, Zurich, Milan, and Tokyo. 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Hip Hop and Rap artists have been integral to drivingRead MoreWild Style, directed by Charlie Ahearn Essays558 Words   |  3 PagesWild Style (1983) was a film that documented the real world of hip hop before most people even knew what hip hop was. This movie brings about the four crucial elements of hip hop - emceeing, graffiti, break-dancing, and deejaying. These features are the backdrop to the story of a graffiti artist named Raymond who lives in the South Bronx that goes by the name â€Å"Zoro†, who is played by well-known New York graffiti artist Lee Quinones. The movie goes through the tribulations of his life and relationship

Film Review Tsotsi Essay Example For Students

Film Review Tsotsi Essay In the motion picture, Tsotsi, directed by Gavin Hood, Tsosti is a teenager without feelings, hardened by his tough life. Tsosti was not a criminal just because he encountered a hard lifestyle from young causing him interact in violent crimes for survival. After a series of violent crimes, he hijacks a car while driving and finds that there is a baby on the back seat. He brings the baby to his house in the slum and he began to find himself. Tsosti childhood caused him to make engage in violence but finding the child made him discover love and David. While having the baby, Tsosti began to change, starting with a scene when. He leaves the baby in his room and goes out into the city, to the train station. In the busyness of the station, Tsotsi accidentally trips over the cripple, whom spits and curse at him. Tsotsi decides to follow him out of the station to an abandoned alley. The first reaction of the viewer is that he will kill the cripple man because of the attitude and history of Tsosti. Instead of being violent, Tsosti follows and interrogate him to show the man that you do not have to be mean to the world. While teaching the cripple a lesson, the man reminds him of his childhood, the time he was talking to his bed-ridden sick mother when his drunken father came home cursing and yelling, and frustrated with their dog, kicked it twice and broke its legs. The crippled man represents the broken society, he asks, â€Å"What kind of man kicks a dog? † A coincidence that right after Tsotsi has kidnapped the infant he meets the man and sees a resemblance between the cripple and his childhood dog. The baby and the image of the broken dog and crippled man shows how Tsosti was torn apart due to colonization and creates no feelings, a vicious and violent cycle. The next time he meets the cripple later in the film is during the afternoon, the sun still up, when he is on his way to restore the child to its family. He gives the old man money and kneeled while talking to him After the kidnapping, the baby is teaching Tsosti responsibility and that he can trust other individuals. He is forced to think outside of himself, and of another life. Tsotsi begins to put the baby before himself and quickly realizes he cannot give the baby the care he deserves. Tsotsi, desperate to keep the baby alive, follows Miriam who is carrying a bucket of water on her shack he enter her house and threatens her to feed the baby at gunpoint. At first, she is seen by Tsotsi as a tool to be used in order to gain what he wants, which he always did to make it in life, although as the film progresses, he begins to value her and respect her as a mother who cares for her child. Tsotsi’s relationship with Miriam shows that Tsotsi is desperate to be a mother figure, something that he never had. She influences Tsosti that she should return the baby, he realizes that his childhood was broken and he should not put the child in the same predicament. At the end of the film, Tsotsi confronts the parents of the baby and the police are there. As Tsotsi stands in front of the parents, with police pointing guns at him and the baby in his arms, he struggle to decide what to do. Throughout the film, he would always wear dark color clothes while returning the baby Tsotsi’s wears a white shirt is a hint that Tsotsi has a change of heart. The white signifies purity and innocence. Tsosti means â€Å"thug, Is Tsosti really a thug? I believe Tsosti may have took part in many violent things but it was only for survival and the lack of parenthood. He always had love and compassion in him, it took for one incident finding the baby to find himself. The three incidents I stated showed how Tsosti had decency all along.

Olympic Moments Abebe Bikila, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, and Ali vs. Foreman

Abebe Bikila ran the marathon barefoot in 1960. This event is considered as the â€Å"greatest symbol of the new, rejuvenated, post-Fascist country† (Martin â€Å"Abebe Bikila†).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Olympic Moments: Abebe Bikila, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, and Ali vs. Foreman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Starting the discussion from the very beginning, the following data should be considered. Abebe Bikila was a 28-year-old member of Emperor Haile Selassie’s bodyguard. He came to the Olympic Games in Rome with the pair of running shoes which were ruined one month before the games. The desire to participate in the marathon was that great that even the absence of the running shoes was not the reasons for refusing from the action. Abebe Bikila started his running with everyone and was the first to come to the final spot. When the result was announced and when everyone saw that the men was barefoot all were amazed. It is impossible to disagree with that opinion as a person run barefoot without considering the pave and other difficulties and barriers which were created on his way. Abebe Bikila is a person everyone should consider as a role model. Abebe Bikila had a great desire to complete his task, to do what he planned without looking at the difficulties. This is what people are to do. Abebe Bikila became the symbol of Rome and the Olympic Games of 1960. Many people might do the same in their dreams, however, they would never do it in reality, but Abebe Bikila dared and has done it. The significance of this act lies in many specific issues. First of all, Abebe Bikila showed the problems of the developing countries. The financial situation and the absence of the simplest things of the first need is the real problem of such poor countries as Ethiopia. Moreover, Abebe Bikila showed that everything is possible, one should just have a desire. It is essential t hat the result of Abebe Bikila was the best for him personally, moreover, it was the best internationally. However, this result was dismissed widely as everyone considered it as impossible. The next when Olympic Games took place he was taken ill with appendicitis and underwent surgery. Unfortunately, in 1968 Bikila appeared in a car accident and left confined to a wheelchair. However, even this fact did not preven this person from Olympic Games. He â€Å"he won gold in a 25km cross-country sledge competition in Norway in 1970† (Martin â€Å"Abebe Bikila†). The desire of this person to represent his country at the Olympic Games was not ruined. Remembering Abebe Bikila, the 2010 Rome marathon took place to honor the action of this great person. Looking at his desire to go in for sports, his strong will for victory, everyone should get something from this case.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 1 5% OFF Learn More Therefore, the Olympic Games have supported their status of an international championship where everyone may participate without strong requirement for their financial or social status. The action of Abebe Bikila has proven that the dream is closer than one think, it is just important to strive for it, train and try to do it more and more. There are not many people as Abebe Bikila. Most of us would stop on the way to our dream, however, this in not correct. We should remember that only we have the key to our success and lengthy training and strong will are the only essential conditions for gaining our goal. Tommie Smith and John Carlos were the gold and silver winners of the award for running 200m in 1968 in Mexico city during Olympic Games. Standing barefoot upon the victory platform, during the playing of the â€Å"Star Spangled Banner†, they each raised one hand, covered by a black glove, in a Black Power salute. This gesture was a desire to pay attention of the society to the conditions of black people in the United States. However, the organizers of the Olympic Games refused to understand it. Having stated that this act went against the ideals and norms of the Olympic Games, caused the two athletes to be expelled from the Games. Olympic Games were created to show that all people were equal and the decision of the domestic problems by means of this event was not correct. Generally speaking, the action made by Tommie Smith and John Carlos acted in accordance to their desire. They felt that no matter what they say they are not going to be heard in their country. The desire to act in the way they did was a guarantee to be heard. Trying to act in favor of â€Å"justice, dignity, equality and peace† (Martin â€Å"Tommie Smith and John Carlos†), Tommie Smith and John Carlos understood that heir action may be incorrectly understood. I believe that the desire to win was motivated by the desire to show the whole world that the USA is a country which has the discrimination problem and such international event is just the only way to say about it to the whole world. Not everyone would give a victory for the national problem, but Tommie Smith and John Carlos did. Expressing the pain of all African-Americans of the USA, these two persons sacrificed their fame in sports to the fame in social affairs. It is not easy to get gold and silver during the Olympic Games and Tommie Smith and John Carlos acted really bravely. These people deserve recognition and respect. From the first sight, their look does not seem deserving attention, however, this is not so.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Olympic Moments: Abebe Bikila, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, and Ali vs. Foreman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Having raised hands in black gloves at the Olympic Games, they showed that even though the USA has many social problems, that black peop le are pressed and discriminated, they still have the power and if no one tries to stop this inequality in the USA black Americans are strong enough to do it. Tommie Smith and John Carlos wanted to show the American society first of all that having an opportunity to win the Olympic Games, they are ready to fight for their right not only at the sports arena. Therefore, the action of Tommie Smith and John Carlos may be considered from two angles. First of all, they violated the rules and the norms of the Olympic Games, however, this was the final stage of despair when being pressed fro years, black Americans began to express their dissatisfaction. This act was really important for the whole America society, for both black and white representatives. The black minority has shown that they are ready to fight. Moreover, this was not just the notification, it was the provocation. The final aim of this act was achieved and even though neither Tommie Smith nor John Carlos received their awar ds, they got much more from those Olympic Games. The boxing fight Ali vs. Foreman called ‘Rumble in the Jungle’ in 1974 is considered as the greatest fight in the history of boxing. The prehistory of this event is as follows, Muhammad Ali was a great boxer, however, being 32 he wanted to regain the world heavyweight title from George Foreman. George Foreman, in his turn, was unbeaten in 40 fights. Everyone waited for that match and at the same time each one was afraid of that match as no one knew who was going to be at the ring and what the outcome of the fight would be. T is possible to dwell upon the reasons of that match for hors. The desire of the greatest boxer of all times to show that he is the greatest and the desire of the winner to become the greatest one having beaten Muhammad Ali are just the prepositions. 35 years have passed, however, that fight is considered as the best one. 15 rounds passed. 15 strongest and the most tense rounds in the whole history of boxing were the most tense for both, the supporters of Ali and Foreman. Each round brought new feelings and excitement, each round brought new worrying and despair. However, each round also brought the hope for victory. It was impossible to remain careless while watching the boxing. The final round could be the last for one of them, when one of the fighters was almost blind and another one was really exhausted. The finish of the fight was a relief for all, the fighters and the audience. It is impossible to remember the same spectaculars fight as this one.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Muhammad Ali and George Foreman fought for the death not for the live having forgetting sometimes that they were just the competitors in sports. Aggression and cold calculation were the main supporters of the fight. Boxing is not just the fight of two people, it is the competition when two strong souls appear in one place and one of them should leave. Boxing is not the desire to beat the competitor, the philosophy of boxing is more complicated that one may think. Boxing is the desire to become the winner, however, this is more than just a fight. The strength of will and the desire to win should support each of the boxers. Muhammad Ali and George Foreman both showed great desire for victory. The rounds they fought were remembered and many generations ahead are going to view the fight to try to become as great as these boxers. In conclusion, this event has come in the history as one of the greatest boxing matches in the history of sports. Being called â€Å"rumble in the jungle† (â€Å"We’re still in awe of Muhammad Ali and George Foreman†) this fight supports the expression. This was like the rumble where two tigers of lions appeared in the fight trying to show who was the best. The fight declared that Muhammad Ali was the best, however, watching the fight more and more it becomes obvious that many moments may be discussed and the greatness of the match is declared as a result of the work of two boxers, therefore, the title is not important in the case. Once a documentary filmmaker Ken Burns said the following, â€Å"The future (of sports) lies behind us†. The first look at this phrase makes people disagree with it, however, a closer consideration of an issue change ones mind. As for me, I am sure that the future of the sports lies behind us as sports depends on the actions which have already been made. Different hockey and football leagues are based on the rules which have been implemented before. Various kinds of sports and the for mat according to which each of the games is going to be conducted have also been declared before. Therefore, the future of the sports is the issue which has been declared before. Even the actions people make right now will be the part when the future of the sports is going to be stated. Considering the future of sports as the contribution of the past, it is essential to consider such global events as Olympic Games. These games have been invented many centuries ago and nowadays the medals and awards received at this specific event still remain the most essential for many people. History remembers many periods of time, events, political regimes, etc.; however, Olympic Games remain as one of the most important events. Rules and format of this event has been developed for many centuries. Different countries became acquainted with the Olympic Games and nowadays this is an international event which takes place each four years and attracts more and more participants and spectaculars than e ver. Therefore, the Olympic Games event was promoted many centuries ago. And the statement about the behind lie of future is correct. Moreover, kind of sports has personal leagues and championships. Each of these championships has its history of creation. Some of these stories are simple, others are created for the memory or honor of someone. This is exactly the case when the future of sports is created in the past. Sports championships like human lives have history and this history is connected with people. These people worked hard for the benefit of different kinds of sports. Sportsmen, coaches, sponsors and other activists who took part in past sports championships contributed to the present sports and benefited to the future one. This is exactly the case. The whole human life is created out of the part. No future is possible without the past history. The sports is the sequence of events which have been invented in the paste, developed and changed during some period of time, was based on some particular plans and only the future generations are able to make those plans come true. I am sure that future of sports is impossible without its past destinations, however, the past would not also be that great if the future plans were not made. Therefore, the past and the future of sports are closely interconnected. Moreover, the future of the sports depends on its past and it cannot be refused. The considered cases of Abebe Bikila, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, and Ali vs. Foreman are not the only notable events in the history of sports, however, these events were essential to the history of their development. Each kind of sports has its own event which has made it essential for society as not just the healthy activity, but as the specific social event and this event has created the reputation of the event having made it popular and interesting for the future generations. Works Cited Martin, Simon. â€Å"50 stunning Olympic moments No24: Abebe Bikila runs barefoot into history.† The Guardian 25 April 2012. Web. Martin, Simon. â€Å"50 stunning Olympic moments No13: Tommie Smith and John Carlos salute.† The Guardian 25 April 2012. Web. â€Å"We’re still in awe of Muhammad Ali and George Foreman, 35 years on.† The Guardian 25 April 2012. Web. This essay on Olympic Moments: Abebe Bikila, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, and Ali vs. Foreman was written and submitted by user Nolan T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Byzantine Music And Christianity Religion Essay Essays

Byzantine Music And Christianity Religion Essay Essays Byzantine Music And Christianity Religion Essay Paper Byzantine Music And Christianity Religion Essay Paper The methodological analysis I used for my undertaking was some old books and that analyse the three notation systems of Byzantine music. Through those books it was able for me to understand better how the two old notation systems worked and why the New Chrysantine method was the 1 that Christian church still uses. In order to happen the right books I visitedA theA ArchdioceseA ofA my countryA andA I found the right people who address whatA booksA areA suited forA my undertaking and besides if those resources are dependable. For my research I used besides questionnaires because they provide a convenient manner of garnering information from people who deals with Byzantine Music as instructors, Chanters, and pupils. I design a short and simple questionnaire so it holds the respondent s involvement. The end was to do the respondent want to finish the questionnaire. In my questionnaires I had some inquiries about the old Notation systems but besides the new system but besides I had inquiries about their sentiment about Byzantine music and why the Christian Orthodox church is still uses it. Questionnaires were a method that helped me a batch for conclude my consequences and results because the sentiments and besides the cognition of those people was really of import. Internet research was besides a method that I used. Internet, in our yearss is a topographic point that person can happen a broad scope of information. I used specific articles and web pages which I knew that are first of all dependable beginnings. For illustration I used web sites that I knew the certificates of the writer or websites that are merely for Educational proposes as www.grovemusic.com. In the cyberspace I besides found old undertakings from academic people and people who are experts in Byzantine music. Finally I used Byzantine tonss, tabular arraies, entering and Videos in order to understand how Byzantine notations systems plants, but besides to used them as illustrations in my undertaking. Introduction The Roman Empire was divided in Eastern and Western in the late of fifth Century. Byzantium was the capital metropolis of Easter Roman Empire since King Constantine rebuilds the Constantinople, in 330 A.D until 1453 when Ottomans Turks took the City from the Romans. The Eastern Roman Empire survived until 1453 as the Grecian speaking-Byzantine Empire. Byzantine music, took its name from the modern bookmans depicting the Christian Orthodox church music of the Eastern countries of the Roman Empire and besides the tunes from verse forms in honor of the King. The height of Byzantine music starts from the early old ages of Christianity and includes chants and anthem which entreaty to God. Byzantine music plays a important function in Christian church and that is the ground that I want to analyze and compose about it. In my undertaking I am traveling to give a short description of Music and Christianity but besides a description about the first two notation systems of Byzantine music ; and how they work through the analysis of specific tonss. Besides through of tabular arraies I will explicate the tonic system of Byzantine music and the anthem, and chiefly I will concentrate on the new Byzantine notation system or else the Chrysanthosnotation system. I will besides advert the advantages and disadvantages of the three systems of the Byzantine music, and eventually I will compose some consequences and Outcomes through, my survey of Byzantine music. Chapter I BYZANTINE MUSIC AND CHRISTIANITY The metropolis of Byzantium is the country which is in the present called Constantinople. It was rebuilt by Constantine in 330 A.D and was made the capital metropolis of the Eastern Roman Empire. Christianity was besides accepted by the imperial household in the twelvemonth of 312 A.D. However this caused a major rake between the Orthodox people. During the twelvemonth of 395 A.D, they were divided into two imperiums, the Eastern and Western. Each imperium though maintained a different capital metropolis, the Eastern with the Byzantium and the Western with Rome. Consequently the Christian church so adapted features from the Greek speech production universe and other Greek communities which were around the Eastern Mediterranean. As I mentioned earlier, Byzantine music has to make with church music merely. In an cyberspace article for Byzantine music , the writer Dimitri Conomos references that Byzantine music is the medieval sacred chant of Christian Churches following the Orthodox rite. By stating Byzantine Music that includes the anthem, chants and all of their derived functions which have to make with Christianity and chiefly to God, the Son of God, the Virgin Mary and the Saints of Christian churches. Most hymns and psalms describe the life, miracles and the passions of Jesus Christ every bit good as the Saints . David J. Melling, in the internet article of Reading Psalmodia , references that: When Christianity was established as the official faith of the Roman Empire the Church acquired new and glorious edifices for worship. The rites and ceremonials of Imperial Christianity took on the sedateness and the magnificence of tribunal ritual. A rich traditions of hymnography developed, poets, composers and vocalists conveying their accomplishments to the service of the Church. During the first old ages of Christianity the church male parents did non accept the usage of musical instruments holding anything to make with the Church. As Constantinos G. Eliades references in I?I µI »I µI„I ®I?I ±I„I ± I’I†¦I ¶I ±I?I„I?I?I ®I‚ II?I?I »I ·I?I?I ±I?I„I?I?I ®I‚ I?I?I†¦I?I?I?I ®I‚ ( Studies of Byzantine Ecclesiastical Music ) , they believed that the instrumental music was improper and inappropriate for the Orthodoxy. Even though music has the ability to do you experience rather strong feelings, it is felt even more in Christianity because it is the manner in which we can talk to God. However St. Ignatius wrote to the Church in Ephesus in order to do a alteration. His precise words are in an article in an internet web site: You must every adult male of you to fall in in a choir so that being harmonious and in Concord and taking the keynote of God in unison, you may sing with one voice through Jesus Christ to the Father, so the He may hear you and through your good workss recognize that you are parts of His Son . Grigorios Th. Stathis besides mentions in I- I’I†¦I ¶I ±I?I„I?I?I ® I?I?I†¦I?I?I?I ® I?I„I · I »I ±I„I?I µI?I ± I?I ±I? I?I„I ·I? IIˆI?I?I„I ®I?I · , ( Byzantine music in faith and scientific discipline ) , that the usage of music in the church can assist in the approval of people s psyches and a vocal of the church can be associated with coming and praying. Church music is rather a important and serious affair with a true significance for the Christian population. In a Byzantine music cyberspace article, written by Mavraganis Diamantis, he mentions that Byzantine music is considered to be in a manner the continuity of the ancient Grecian music. He states that many characteristics which can be found in ancient Grecian music, such as the graduated tables, the sounds, and the systems are quite common with those found in Byzantine music. Furthermore in I?I µI »I µI„I ®I?I ±I„I ± I’I†¦I ¶I ±I?I„I?I?I ®I‚ II?I?I »I ·I?I?I ±I?I„I?I?I ®I‚ I?I?I†¦I?I?I?I ®I‚ ( Studies of Byzantine Ecclesiastical Music ) , the writer, Constantinos G. Eliades, references that the ancient Grecian music every bit good as the antediluvian Grecian linguistic communication were the first which were used by the Orthodox Church. With the birth of Jesus Christ followed with the spread of Christianity, Greek music easy became known beyond the parturiency of the Grecian universe and moved to the Holy Places and countries of the Byzantine Empire. There, Grecian music was able to spread out, better, develop, since it was affected by different beginnings. Finally it turned into being a wholly s ecclesiastical type music which serves in a manner the spiritual Orthodox people. The grounds why the music of Christianity was Greek are many. Harmonizing to Constantinos G. Eliades, in I?I µI »I µI„I ®I?I ±I„I ± I’I†¦I ¶I ±I?I„I?I?I ®I‚ II?I?I »I ·I?I?I ±I?I„I?I?I ®I‚ I?I?I†¦I?I?I?I ®I‚ ( Studies of Byzantine Ecclesiastical Music ) , some of these grounds are the undermentioned: to get down with all the music has characteristics which originated in Greece, for illustration the half steps every bit good as the systems which were found by Pythagoras the celebrated Grecian Mathematician. Another ground is that the music of the church was written based on the beat of the anthem which was the characteristic beat used in ancient Grecian music. The writer states that this happened because the instrumentalists were either Greeks or they had known ancient Grecian music really good. Chapter two The Byzantine anthem and the different sorts of them The anthem to God were considered to be the oldest musical act towards Him. The Eastern Churches easy developed assorted church acts names Holy Eucharists from topographic points such as Antioch, Alexandria, and Epheus. As Dimitri Comonos references in the cyberspace article for Byzantine music , these topographic points used the single-channel vocal music at the clip. It is besides rather important to advert that Byzantine music had a immense consequence on the Western chant. Byzantine music was the predominate music for a really long clip which besides lasted for more than 13 centuries. Byzantine hymnography was so split into two periods which gave a new rhythmical form to hymnography. During the first period, dated from the fifth century, the kontakion was developed. In the 2nd period, dated from the terminal of the seventh century the chief anthem developed during the period was the kanon . Egon Wellesz, in his book A history of Byzantine Music and hymnography , references that: Byzantine hymnography is the poetical look of Orthodox divinity, translated, through music, to the domain of spiritual emotion. It mirrors the development of the dogmatic thoughts and philosophies of the Orthodox Church from the early yearss of the Eastern Empire to the full luster of the service at the tallness of its development. The anthem is one of the most of import genres which was developed in Byzantine music. There are assorted sorts of anthems such as the troparia , kontakia and kanones . In an inernet article of Byzantine music Dimitri E. Conomos references that: During the first nine centuries of Christianity, the Byzantine musical tradition of plainsong managed to maintain alive a certain improvisatory excitement that was besides manifest in the spontaneousness of supplications and rites in the early Christian Holy Eucharist. Now, with some shots of a 9th-century pen, the plainchant tunes were caught in a stiff stylization. They became as if embalmed and their stylistic profiles conformed to 9th-century and finally, subsequently, gustatory sensations. The old chants that originated as sung supplications were henceforth crystallised art-objects. Troparia are short responses between the Psalms. The first troparia were written in the fourth century. The tune type of troparia bit by bit became quite important and easy some of troparia developed into more independent anthem. Harmonizing to the cyberspace article, Orama World there is a possibility, that the earliest sets of troparia were those of the known writing of monastic Auxentios which dated from the 5th century. Two of the most of import illustrations of troparia are the Phos Hilarion , which means Gladsome Light , and is dated from the fourth century and O Monogenis Yios , which means the merely Begotten Son . These two illustrations can be found in the introductory portion of the Thia Litourgia which is the Divine Liturgy . The Troparia terminal with two words mentioning to God and are repeated many clip. The features of these anthems are the stichera and the kanones. The stichera are sung in between the poetries of the Psalms. Sticheron is one of the most important parts of Byzantine anthem and the complete music of the stichera is the Sticherarion. The development of the kontakion began during the fifth century A.D. It is a long and complicated metrical discourse. Kontakia evolved from 13 into 18, and in some instances into more than that, with stanzas which are all structurally similar. Accoridng to an cyberspace article in the Britannica Online Encyclopedia, kontakion was introduced into the Byzantine spiritual pattern by St. Romanos Melodos during the first half of the sixth century. St. Romanos became one of the greatest early Christian poets. Harmonizing to the writer of an article in the Goarch it is stated that the first notated versions of kontakia were melismatic which means that there were many notes per syllable and they appeared during the ninth century. Kanones, and their tunes contain texts which were hodgepodges of stereotypic phrases. The tunes were developed harmonizing to the rule of centonization which was qiote common in Eastern music at the clip. Alexander Lingas in his article Hesychasm and Psalmody which is found in the book Mount Athos and Byzantine Monasticism , references that the Sticherarion, which is a book incorporating theoretical account tunes for canons and stichera, contains some syllabic tunes which are easy and each 1 has a alone melodious expression. Sticheron is a type of anthem which is used in the Divine Liturgy. In an article which is found in Grove Music Online , Kenneth Levy and Christian Troelsgard reference that kanones are hymnodic composites which are comprised of nine odes. Each ode includes the heirmos which is followed by troparia with the same music and metrical reproductions as the heirmos. The nine odes are normally independent. A kanon consists of nine different and independent tunes. As Grigorios Stathis references in I- I’I†¦I ¶I ±I?I„I?I?I ® I?I?I†¦I?I?I?I ® I?I„I · I »I ±I„I?I µI?I ± I?I ±I? I?I„I ·I? IIˆI?I?I„I ®I?I · , ( Byzantine music in faith and scientific discipline ) , psalmodia is another basic feature of the Christian Orthodox people. The Byzantine music is music which is wholly written for the church and it is used in the Christian Orthodox Churches in to pray to God, the Son and the Virgin Mary. Alexander Lingas in Hesycasm and Psalmody , says that during the 14th century the hymnody used in the Byzantium had a scope of signifiers and was thought to be a really important cloistered plus which held the chance of being infused with the idea and this shows that the hymnody was accomplished with the head and bosom on God. Psalmodia is sung by the psaltes who are trained in order to sing church music. Psalmodia is the lone chant of the Greek Orthodox Church. Christians who were Grecian speech production used the term psalmodia in order to picture the signifiers of the liturgical vocalizing. Psalmodia which was used in Constantinople had a important map in the agreement of the different Rite of the Church of Hagia Sofia. Alexander Lingas in Music and Liturgy of the Orthodox Traditions references that: All public services of the Byzantine rite are sung, there being no equivalent in the churches of the Orthodox East to the Low Mass of the Latin West. While the proper ecclesiastical term for liturgical vocalizing remains psalmodia, the repertories of plainsong that developed in tandem with the services of the Byzantine rite are today frequently referred to as Byzantine chant or Byzantine music . Chapter four The New Method or Chrysanthine Method Chrysanthos had a good instruction, really good cognition of Latin and Gallic and every bit good as European and Arabic music. He started off as a monastic and so became a hierarch. Peter Byzantios so taught Chrysanthos to intone until Chrysanthos could be considered as a great instrumentalist and composer. Harmonizing to Dimitri E. Comonos article, he mentions that before the foundation of the School, Chrysanthos had used traditional methods of learning which caused his expatriate from the Constantinopolitan Patriarchal to Madytos. However, Chrysanthos did non halt learning the ecclesiastical music because his system for learning was really effectual due to his pupils being able to larn the music notation system of Byzantine music merely in 10 months and non 10 old ages. Subsequently on Holy Synod decides to accept his learning methods and in 1815 he stated learning at the 3rd Patriarchal School along with Protopsaltis Grigorios and the archivist Chourmouzios. In the prologue of I?I µI†°I?I ·I„I?I?I?I? I?I ­I?I ± I„I ·I‚ I?I?I†¦I?I?I?I ®I‚ I?I?I†¦I?I?I?I ®s I §I?I†¦I?I ¬I?I?I?I†¦ I„I?I†¦ I µI? I?I ±I?I?I„I†°I? ( Theoritikon Mega Ti MI?usikis Chrysanthou tou ek Maditon ) , Georgios N. Constantinou quotes the words of Dionysius Vatopedinos which were said during the Holy Eucharist in the Patriarchical Music School: IsI ±I„I ±I†¦I„I ¬I‚ [ I„I ±I‚ I ·I?I ­I?I ±I‚ ] I ·I?I?I?I†¡I?I · I µI? I?I?I?I?I?I? I?I†¡I?I »I µI?I?I? I µI?I‚ I„I? I?I?I?I ±ISI„I?I?I?I? I?I µI„I?I†¡I?I?I? I?I ±I? IˆI ±I?I ±I?I?I?I µI? I?I ­I ±I? I?I ­I?I?I?I?I? I µIˆI?I?I„I ·I?I?I?I?I?I ®I‚ I?I?I†¦I?I?I?I ®I‚ I?I µ I?I ±I?I?I?I µI‚ I?I ±I? I?I?I ±I?I?I ±I„I?I?I ®I? . I?I†¡I?I »I ±I?I†¡I?I?I?I„I µI‚ I µI?I‚ I ±I†¦I„I ®I? I µI?I?I ±I? I ­I?I ±I‚ I?I ±I »I?I?I ·I?I?I‚ I §I?I?I?I ±I?I?I?I‚ I?I ±I? I? I†ºI ±I?IˆI ±I?I ¬I?I?I?I‚ I„I ·I‚ I?I µI?I ¬I »I ·I‚ II?I?I »I ·I?I?I ±I‚ , I?I ±I? I?I†¦I?I„I?I ­I†¡I?I†¦I?I?I? I µI?I‚ I ±I†¦I„I ®I? I?I ±I?I µI?Ià ‚ ¬I?I„I ·I? I†¦IˆI ­I? I„I?I†¦I‚ I?I?I ±I?I?I?I?I?I†¦I‚ I?I ±I?I ·I„I ¬I‚ , I µI? I ±I†¦I„IZI? I µI?I?I ±I? I?I ±I? I ±I?I†¡I?I µI?I µI?I‚ I?I ±I? IˆI?I†°I„I?I?I?I?I?I µI »I?I? ( ) , ( 1815 ) . The account of Dionysius Vatopedinos s missive is the followers: In those yearss a new school opened and teaches a new scientific method of music with regulations and grammar. Teachers are the monastic Chrysanthos and the torchbearer of the Great Church, and more than two 100 pupils are go toing it. Among them are priest and bishops ( aˆÂ ¦ ) , ( 1815 ) . Dionysius Vatopedinos fundamentally states that a school was opened in order to learn the new method of Byzantine music notation which included grammar and regulations of music. The chief instructors were Chrysanthos, a monastic, and the torchbearer of the Great Church. Many pupils including monastics, priests and society people had visited the school in order to larn the New Method of Byzantine music notation. David J. Melling references in an article that: Confronting the complex and hard notation they inherited from their mediaeval predecessors, and an emerging spread between the musical texts used by adept psaltai and the traditional liturgical tunes handed down by ear, several instrumentalists attempted to reform the notation to bring forth something simpler and more intuitive. Indeed, there is grounds that there had already emerged ways of composing a rapid short-hand version of the marks which could even be used to observe down a tune as it was being Sung. A peculiarly successful simplification was designed by Peter Lampadarios [ +1777 ] , but this was eclipsed by the great Reform of the Three Teachers, Houmouzios, Grigorios and Chrysanthos, who designed a new, more analytic notation and transcribed into it a prodigious figure of texts from the psaltic repertory. The New Method of Byzantine Music notation was created during the eighteenth century and began to be taught in the nineteenth century. This included rather simple marks against the two old methods of Byzantine music notation. The New Method is besides called the Chrysanthine Method which took its name from the monastic Chrysanthos who subsequently moved on to became one of the reformists of the church s music notation in 1815. The other reformists of the Byzantine New notation system were Chourmouzios the archivist and Gregorios the Protopsaltis, who was lampadarios ( torchbearer ) . The New Method is still used even today. In The manners and Tuning in Neo-Byzantine Chant Frank Harry Desby references that: Before the New system, ten old ages were required to larn music. The new method made it possible to larn in 10 months. Kate Romanou besides mentions in her article A New Approach to the work of Chrysanthos of Madytos that: The New Method preserved the earlier differentiation between the quantitative and the qualitative neumes. The former indicated the existent notes, while the latter, the rhythmic and expressive niceties or decorations which applied to the notes. Apart from the old marks The New Method, includes new marks of which some were phrasing marks, marks for chromatic intervals, remainders and continuance marks. Chrysanthos besides abrogated a few of the old marks and established new ways of notating. Furthermore in an article Dimitri E. Conomos references that: Chrysanthos besides introduced new procedures of transition and chromatic change and abolished some of the notational symbols. As a consequence of these attempts, a big repertory of psalmody was made available to melody pipes who were ignorant of the melodic and dynamic content of the old marks. With those alterations the choirmasters had the chance to sing a batch of anthem which were hard to make with the old notation systems. In an cyberspace article found in The music portal , the author references that there are three basic tones which are used in order to tune the sound. These tones, which are characteristic of the New Method, are the meizon ( major ) , elasson ( minor ) and the elachistos ( minimun ) . It is besides mentioned that each tone is made up from two tetra chords and one major tone. Byzantine music can acknowledge the octave but the sounds are based in tetra chords and pentachords which are groups of four and five notes consequently. Byzantine Psalmodia uses assorted manners and the choirmaster must cognize all the types every bit good as the features of the manners, in order to understand and be able to intone the music. In another cyberspace article found in The music portal , it is stated that this system is made up of eight manners or echoi ( sounds ) which are split into in the chief four sounds and the five manners. Each reverberation ( sound ) has a different intervals every bit good as gradual development. Morover, Chrysanthos besides structured the eight manners into three different types which are the diatonic, chromatic and enharmonic. These types are besides called three Genera. The diatonic genera, is split into three basic types: the meizon ( major ) , elasson ( minor ) and elaxistos ( lower limit ) . The octave of dad, vou, tabun, di, ke, zw, Ni is divided into 72 stairss or tones. The major tone had 12 grades, which means one tone or measure. The minor tone had 10 grades which means one measure and the minimal tone had 8 grades which means half measure. The diatonic graduated table has besides been a ground of an statement which took topographic point between Chourmouzios and Chrysanthos. Harmonizing to an article written by Ioannis Plemenos, Chrysantho s sentiment was that the diatonic scale consist of major and minor tones, one by one, which began with a minimal tone and hence the diatonic graduated table consisted of 64 units. However the the right graduated table for Chrysanthos had to dwell of 68 units. Therefore, Chourmouzios suggest a new version which could finish the graduated table of Chrysanthos and which consisted of 69 units. Finally, Chrysanthos borrowed the 72 unit division from Aristoxenos, who was a good know mathematician and great music theoretician at the clip. Antioxenos had expressed his ain sentiment in concern to the music intervals of the diatonic graduated table which was the 1 that had the highest proportion. In the image below we can see the diatonic graduated table, as they are in the internet article of David J. Melling: F G A Bb C D E F | 12 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 12 | 10 | 8 | Ga Di Ke Zo Ni Pa Vu Ga The diatonic graduated table is divided in three different types which are the diapason, troxos and triphonia. Diapason is non tranferable and Troxos can besides be called as tetraphonia. In The manners and Tuning in Neo-Byzantine Chant Frank Harry Desby states that: The tetachords are all disjunct. In triphonia the tetra chords are conjuct. The diapason assortment was normally found on kanona or pandoura. Pandoura is a twine instrument which includes three brace of strings. In an article found on the Remoundos web page, the writer references that During the Byzantine period, it [ the pandoura ] is appeared to derive some credence among the civilized persons, since the Archbishop Chrysanthos considered that it was necessary for learning Byzantine music. On pandoura there are some rings which are used in order to slpit the musical instrument into assorted parts where the notes are fixed. Harmonizing to Frank Harry Desby in The manners and Tuning in Neo-Byzantine Chant , he states that the tuning of pandoura has intervals for illustration, perfect fourths and fifths, which are ordinary intervals. However it besides includes some assorted sound effects, for illustration the diapason system is the one which is used in most instances. By stating troxos we mean tetraphonia or a rhythm of five notes. The octave between troxos and diapason is rather similar. Finally, the triphonia or tetrachordon as the tetra chords are joint. In his book, The manners and Tuning in Neo-Byzantine Chant , Frank Harry Desby states that it consists of four confused tetrachords or joint fifths. In this graduated table nevertheless there is no meizon ( major ) tone. In another article, David J. Melling besides mentions that: Here we have big tones of 12 steplets, indistinguishable in size with the Enharmonic tones, but accompanied by lesser tones of 10 steplets and big half steps of 8 steplets. The chromatic graduated table is divided in two types. These are the difficult chromatic graduated table and the soft chromatic graduated table. Below we can see the two types of chromatic graduated tables: Hard chromatic graduated table: D Eb F # G A Bb C # D | 6 | 20 | 4 | 12 | 6 | 20 | 4 | Pa Vu Ga Di Ke Zo Ni Pa Soft chromatic graduated table: C Db E F G Ab B C | 8 | 14 | 8 | 12 | 8 | 14 | 8 | Ni Pa Vu Ga Di Ke Zo Ni The enharmonic graduated table consists merely of 12 and 6 grades: F G A Bb C D E F | 12 | 12 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 6 | Ga Di Ke Zo Ni Pa Vu Ga Pa Calciferol Rhenium Vou Tocopherol Myocardial infarction Tabun F Fa Di Gram Sol Ke A La Zo Bacillus Silicon Nickel C Nto Chrysanthos made usage of the first seven letters derived from the Greek alphabet which is based on the European system. The graduated table includes the undermentioned syllables: dad, vou, tabun, di, ke, zo, ni. The notes of these syllables are shown in the tabular array below. The chief marks of the Chrysanthine method are ten and their names are: ison, oligon, petasti, kentimata, kentima, hypsele, apostrophos, hyporroi, elafron and chamele. These marks show whether the voice goes down or up or remain the same. These marks are the intermission marks and are besides called neumes. Below the marks and their accounts can be seen, as taken from an on article of St. Anthony s Monastery written by monk Ephraim: ison Chapter V Advantages and disadvantages, of the new method. The Byzantine music first notation was non really good structured, as there were adequate jobs. The most of the anthem were hard to intone from the choirmasters, as they could non transcribed them. The Paleo-Byzantine Music was excessively complicated, but besides non effectual, as a consequence to be difficult for people to understand it and intone the anthem. Kate Romanou, in A New Approach to the work of Chrysanthos of Madytos references that: If, in malice of the great demand of a simpler musical system, all old efforts to accomplish a reform had failed, it was because they adhered to one of two extremely contradictory attacks: the first which wholly broke with tradition, and the 2nd which displayed the familiar complexness and deficiency of lucidity. The 600 old ages of Middle-Byzantine Music notation usage, show that this notation was better than the first 1. Middle-Byzantine notation system was a complete system but included excessively many complex marks. As I mentioned earlier the New Method of the Byzantine Music notation or else the Chrysanthine notation was and still is the simplest notation system for the Byzantine music. Against the Paleo-Byzantine music notation system, the new system and its marks helped the melody pipes to understand the manner that the anthem must be chanted. Despite the jobs that the Middle Byzantine Music notation faced, it existed for many centuries. The Chrysanthine method was that one which exists since the decennary of 1800 until presents. The marks that Chrysanthos adds to his method describe really clearly how the notes and by and large the tune must be chant. In an cyberspace article, the writer references that: Byzantine notation can be used as a rapid stenographic transcriptional method to compose down a tune faster than one could make so utilizing Western notation. This is peculiarly helpful when seeking to enter unrecorded music on paper. Although there are at least a 100 marks in the Byzantine notation, it is preferred for most of the people. It is non difficult for people to larn the Byzantine music notation, it takes merely a small clip. The marks that Chrysanthos added to the new notation system were really helpful. Traveling to the dissadvantages of the New method of Byzantine music notation, I would wish to advert that despite the disagvantages, no 1 believed that the new method should be changed for a new one. Of class there were some suggestions for altering the system but they declined. The first trouble to the Byzantine notation of Chrysanthos was that the Byzantine music of Constantinople did non accept the tetrafonia. During 1878, as I found in an cyberspace article, some people tried to convert the Grecian society of Constantinople to compose the Byzantine anthem utilizing the European system notation. Finally, this was neer happened. During the clip that Chrysanthos introduced the New Method, there were some reactions against the new system. In an cyberspace article and harmonizing to proffesor Ioannis Plemenos, there were many expostulations from the people and espacially for Vasileios Stephanides, a musician and physician during 1819. Vasileios Stephanides believed that Chrysanthos s determination non to utilize some of the marks of the old notation systmes was incorrect. In 1820, as Ioannis Plemenos references in his article, Apostolos Konsta was besides did non accept the New Method of Chrysanthos. Ioannis Plemenos places the words of Apostolos Konsta, which are the undermentioned: ( ) I ­I?I ±I?I µ I?I ±I? I ±I†¦I„I? I?I†¡I?I »I µI?I?I? I?I?I?I?I? I„I†°I? I† I?I?I?I?I†°I? , I?I„I ¬I?I µI†°I? I?I ±I? I†¡I µI?I?I?I?I?I?I?I ±I‚ I?I?I ± I?I ­I?I?I†¦ I„I ·I‚ I?I†¦I?I?I ·I„I?I?I ®I‚ , I ­I†¡I ±I?I µ I?I?I†°I‚ , I ±I »I »I?I?I?I?I?I?I? , I„I ·I? I ±I?I?I µI »I?I?I ®I? I?I µI »I†°I?I?I ±I? , I„I ± I?I?I„IZ I?I ­I?I · I„I ·I‚ I?I »I†¦I?I†¦I„I ¬I„I ·I‚ I µIˆI?I?I„I ®I?I ·I‚ . This means: The three instructors opened a school, merely for notes, remainders and Heironomia, but they lost the b eatific tune and the eight parts of the sweet scientific discipline . Apostolos Konsta means that the new school which opened to learn the New Method of Chrysanthos, was learning merely some notes and marks and lost the chief topic which was the beautiful tune. Another job as Ioannis Plemenos references in his article, it was that Georgios the Lesbios, believed that the New system was non good structured because the three instructors did non seek to happen new marks to increase the notes in a specific pitch. Those who were supported the old notation systems did non desire Chrysanthos to learn the New Method, but eventually allow him to learn, although they were opposite. Chrysanthos was learning in the Third Patriarchical Music School. Consequences and results The Greeks owe the musical notation used today in their churches to Chrysanthos of Madytos, Gregory the Protopsaltes and Chourmouzios the Chartophylax. This notational system, known today as the New Method. With the scrutiny of the old notations we conclude that the extant information about the development of Byzantine notation from the autumn of Constantinople to the 19thA century vividly illustrates the fact that Grecian church instrumentalists had become progressively more baffled and puzzled by the old system. At the same clip Byzantine anthem were being sung more and more from unwritten tradition despite the fact that a series of efforts had been made to simplify the bing notation. Byzantine music is the most of import facet of the Orthodox Christian Church. In our yearss the Orthodox Christian Church is still utilizing the New notation system for their chants and anthem. What is the ground of making that? The ground is that Byzantine notation system is the lone manner to notate the anthem and chants, as the melodious lines includes tonss of melismas but besides hard and unusual types of harmoniousness. Another ground is that, Church wants to forestall its tradition and a manner of making that is maintain that notation system. With analyzing the Byzantine music we can see that Christians use the voice entirely in executing of anthem, intoning as did our Godhead Himself and His adherents. St. John Chrysostom says: Our Savior chanted anthem merely as we do. The Apostolic Constitutions forbid the usage of musical instruments in the church. From the clip of the Apostles, hymnody was single-channel, or homophonic, as it is to this twenty-four hours in our churches [ in Greece ] . The Western Church, in order to satisfy people and blandish their gustatory sensations, put instruments inside the churches, disobeying what was ordained by the Fathers. They did this because they had no thought what liturgical music was and what secular music was, merely as they did non cognize the difference between liturgical picture and secular picture. But the Byzantines distinguished the one from the other, and this shows how much more religious they were in comparing with the Westerners and how much more genuinely they experienced the spirit of Christianity. Byzantine music is, in comparing with the music of the West, precisely as Orthodox iconography is in comparing with the spiritual picture of the West.

Social Disorganisation Theory of Criminology Essay

Social Disorganisation Theory of Criminology - Essay Example The latter serves to reinforce cohesion in society and curbs crimes or delinquency. Social organisation was limited to small communal groups such as local councils but was later applied to larger groups such as nations, continents and the like. (Kapsis, 1978) Thomas and Znanieki (1918) explain that the social disorganisation theory was initially applied in the City of Chicago by psychologist working for the University of Chicago; this was in the early twentieth century. The City of Chicago was quite conducive for the application and study of this theory because it had been associated with numerous migration cases from different parts of the worlds at that time. The social cohesion that had been witnessed in that City was now a thing of the past because there were numerous changes occurring. The sociologists claimed that arrival of immigrant populations within the City led to a breakdown of some of the well know social rules that had prevented occurrence of crime. Edwin Sutherland (1924) did extensive work in the field of social disorganisation through his book 'Principles of criminology'. In his book, he starts with the values that make peasant societies more stable and less prone to crime or delinquency. Such societies are harmonious and influences are derived from consistent sources. However, with the introduction of western societies, peasant societies were transformed by capitalist idea. Communal values no longer took precedence and instead individualistic tendencies took over. The relationships that initially dispensed cultural values and traditions disintegrated and there was 'disorganisation'. He also believed that systemic (organised and persistent) cases of crime could be overcome if society was rearranged to deal with it. But because society is random and individualistic, cases of crime will continue to occur. Henry Mackay and Clifford Shaw (1929) also collaborated in this filed of criminology. They were also members of the University of Chicago. In their research, they reaffirmed that there were links between the level of social 'organisation' and crime rates. They conducted research and found out that cases of delinquency and crime were more popular in areas nearer to Chicago city than those further away. They also concluded that societies with high rates of delinquency had equal proportions of adult crimes. According to the two, high crime rates were prevalent in areas where there was physical deterioration. They also reported that some location were associated with high crime rates regardless of the fact that their populations were changing. Their explanations for these were that populations were faced with certain social challenges irrespective of their biological predispositions. Consequently, those social challenges would lead to high crime rates even when those societies had minima l cases of immigrant arrival or population changes. The two sociologists put forward the argument that traditional norms were disoriented when there was introduction of commerce. This made social systems weaken and with time, they would eventually disappear. This could eventually lead to higher cases of crime and maybe even permissiveness towards it. Sutherland (1939) argued that there was a direct relationship between two aspects; social disorganisation in society and crime organisation. He asserted that the latter was propagated by the

Samsung Final Report Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Samsung Final Report - Coursework Example In today’s global electronic market, Samsung is widely recognised for its innovations and also for the quality of the products and services that it offers to its global customers (Samsung, 2012). During the recent decade Samsung has developed its vision as â€Å"Inspire the World, Create the Future.† This vision of the company apparently reflects its commitment towards inspiring the communities within which it has been operating and also wishes to operate in future. The company, in order to follow its vision, has identified three significant strengths, i.e. â€Å"New Technology,† â€Å"Innovative Products† and â€Å"Creative Solutions† (Samsung, 2012). 1.2 Sustainable Innovation of Samsung Samsung has identified it as a responsibility to carry out the business operations in a way that would facilitate in conserving the natural environment. In relation with this, the company has been noticed to carry out a wide array of activities all around the glob e. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that Samsung is often categorised to be among the leaders in offering eco-friendly goods to the consumers worldwide. With this concern, the company has introduced a monitoring system known as the Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) management system to enhance the level of safety at the work place. This system also assists in minimising the industrial wastes which are hazardous to the environment as it acts significantly for the company in terms of pollution management (Samsung, 2012). In response to the growing interest of sustainable development in the business environment, Samsung has been recuperating the methods of collecting information from the stakeholders about their perspectives and ideas concerning sustainable development in the long-run. This aided the company to develop policies and strategies related to sustainable development by taking into account the modern managerial perspective (Samsung, 2012). 1.3 Objective of the Paper The objective of this paper is to critically evaluate the innovation management of Samsung by utilising the Sustainable Innovative Results (SIR). The SIRs selected in this paper are the solar netbooks and transparent LCD panels introduced by Samsung. The SIRs are evaluated by considering the following points into consideration: determined objectives, needs, resources engaged, influencing factors, success, challenges, leadership and long-term consequences. 2.0 Critical Evaluation: SIR Approaches of Samsung SIRs are quite important for the organizations to develop and also to sustain in the long run. Being sustainable, in the corporate culture, essentially means to satisfy the present without causing much threat to the future. This meaning of sustainability can be directly linked with the innovative results of Samsung’s SIRs as both the products perform effectively in meeting the present needs without causing many hazards to the future. Moreover, SIRs serve the stakeholders concer n to a considerable extent which is an important pre-requisite for the companies to sustain in the long-run. Furthermore, sustainable innovations determine the responsibility of the organizations towards the environment as well as the society. This acts significantly for the company to become widely accepted by the people increasing its brand value.

Act Utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Act Utilitarianism Essay The theory of Utilitarianism was first developed by Jeremy Bentham who was a philosopher of the 18th century. Bentham developed this theory to create a modern and rational approach to morality which would suit the changing society. Bentham’s theory Act Utilitarianism has many strengths and weaknesses. A Strength is that this theory is considers the consequences and happiness which an action has created. This is because Act Utilitarianism is a teleological theory where actions are based on results. For example if I splash cold water at someone to wake up for school this is a good action as it has good consequences because the person I splashed water on can go on to school and gain knowledge and this I will also create happiness. Another strength would be that this theory is always seeking the â€Å"Greatest Good for the Greatest Number†. For example if I was going to bomb the world with a bomb I planted in a secret location and the only way to get the information was to torture me. An Act Utilitarian would say that I should be tortured so that I could give the information on where the bomb was and this that would create the greatest good for the greatest number. There are also many problems with Bentham’s theory as it allows cruel or sadistic pleasure as long as it out ways the pain. For example if ten sadists torture one child pleasure out ways the child’s pain making the action right in an Act Utilitarian eyes. Also if someone intentions are good but the consequence of their action is bad an Act Utilitarian would say this wrong even thought the intention was good. For example if I help an old man across the street and then he assassinates someone my action which was good becomes bad because of the consequence. Another weakness is that there is always a minority which will not benefit from an action and this could cause a great amount of pain for that minority and the pain of this minority could out way the pleasure of the majority but it is too hard and long to use the hedonic calculus in some situations. For example say there was a man called john normal calm guy then one day he finds out his daughter was raped by a man called max. Then john goes out and kills max. This situation would be too hard for the hedonic calculus to calculate as both men families felt pain and both men felt pleasure. Overall I believe that the weaknesses out way the strengths of Act Utilitarianism as there are many situations that it would not be able to give an answer. Even thought Act Utilitarianism considers the consequences there are just too many weaknesses crushing this point. For example the hedonic calculus will take too long to find out whether an action is right or wrong in many scenarios. Ayyub.